Even very low concentrations of heavy metal pollutants have adverse effects on the environment and on human health. Thus, determining even trace concentrations of heavy metals in various samples has attracted a lot of attention. The conventional analytical methods used for the sampling and analysis of heavy metals have some limitations, including the effects of the matrix and their high detection limits. Thus, various methods are used for the pretreatment and concentration of the target analytes, and these methods are time-consuming, expensive, and require the use of toxic solvents. In recent years, supramolecular solvent-based microextraction (SSME), a green analytical strategy, has been used to determine low concentrations of heavy metals in various matrices. This method has unique features such as high enrichment factor, short extraction time, and rapid analysis. In addition, it is cost effective because it consumes less chemical reagents than other methods. Also, it is ecofriendly, and it has good sensitivity and selectivity. Herein, we presented a comprehensive review of the application of the SSME technique for the analysis of heavy metals in water, food, and biological samples. Also, we have provided the distinctive properties of the SSME technique, discussed the challenges that lie ahead, and addressed the potential future trend.

中文翻译：

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基于超分子溶剂的微萃取技术用于重金属的采样和预富集：综述

甚至极低浓度的重金属污染物也会对环境和人类健康产生不利影响。因此，确定各种样品中甚至痕量的重金属浓度都引起了很多关注。用于重金属采样和分析的常规分析方法有一些局限性，包括基质的影响及其较高的检出限。因此，使用各种方法对目标分析物进行预处理和浓缩，这些方法既耗时，昂贵又需要使用有毒溶剂。近年来，基于超分子溶剂的微萃取（SSME）是一种绿色分析策略，已用于确定各种基质中低浓度的重金属。该方法具有独特的特点，例如富集因子高，提取时间短，和快速分析。另外，它比其他方法消耗更少的化学试剂，因此具有成本效益。而且，它是环保的，并且具有良好的灵敏度和选择性。在本文中，我们对SSME技术在水，食品和生物样品中重金属分析中的应用进行了全面综述。此外，我们提供了SSME技术的独特特性，讨论了未来的挑战，并解决了潜在的未来趋势。