ABSTRACT

This paper explores key elements of an extension approach for enhancing the sustainability and realizing the scaling-up of tree growing by smallholder farmers in rural remote areas where extension services seldom reach and access to external markets is difficult. By referring to the case in Madagascar, the paper discusses that creating a certain number of local trainers is effective because they function as a driver to promote tree growing and new livelihood activities introduced by external agents using locally available resources. One critical issue of being a local trainer is to have good communication skills in relation to fellow farmers. This issue can be addressed by sharing the importance of communication skills of local trainers in a community so that fellow farmers can facilitate local trainers’ reflection unless a farmer does not feel reliable to a local trainer. On a mid- to longer-term basis, income opportunities will become an important point of motivation for local trainers. Creating new livelihood activities that can generate income and simultaneously contribute to village development is the way to go. This will enable local trainers to maintain their motivation and thus lead to sustainable tree growing activities.

摘要

本文探讨了推广方法的关键要素，以提高可持续性并实现农村偏远地区小农扩大树木种植规模，这些地区的推广服务很少到达且难以进入外部市场。通过参考马达加斯加的案例，本文讨论了创建一定数量的当地培训师是有效的，因为他们充当了推动树木生长和外部代理人利用当地可用资源引入的新生计活动的驱动力。成为当地培训师的一个关键问题是与其他农民有良好的沟通技巧。这个问题可以通过在社区中分享当地培训师的沟通技巧的重要性来解决，以便农民同胞可以促进当地培训师的反思，除非农民觉得当地培训师不可靠。从中长期来看，收入机会将成为当地培训师的重要激励点。创造新的生计活动，既能创造收入，又能为村庄发展做出贡献，这是必经之路。这将使当地培训师保持他们的动力，从而导致可持续的树木种植活动。创造新的生计活动，既能创造收入，又能为村庄发展做出贡献，这是必经之路。这将使当地培训师保持他们的动力，从而导致可持续的树木种植活动。创造新的生计活动，既能创造收入，又能为村庄发展做出贡献，这是必经之路。这将使当地培训师保持他们的动力，从而导致可持续的树木种植活动。