This paper presents a low-cost prototype for monitoring online the maximum power produced by a domestic photovoltaic (PV) system using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The most common tracking algorithms (P&O, InCond, HC, VSS InCond, and FL) were first simulated using MATLAB/Simulink and then implemented in a low-cost microcontroller (Arduino). The current, voltage, load current, load voltage, power at the maximum power point, duty cycle, module temperature, and in-plane solar irradiance are monitored. Using IoT technology, users can check in real time the change in power produced by their installation anywhere and anytime without additional effort or cost. The designed prototype is suitable for domestic PV applications, particularly at remote sites. It can also help users check online whether any abnormality has happened in their system based simply on the variation in the produced maximum power. Experimental results show that the system performs well. Moreover, the prototype is easy to implement, low in cost, saves time, and minimizes human effort. The developed monitoring system could be extended by integrating fault detection and diagnosis algorithms.

中文翻译：

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基于物联网的国产光伏系统最大输出功率在线监测低成本样机

本文提出了一种低成本原型，用于在线监测使用物联网 (IoT) 技术的家用光伏 (PV) 系统产生的最大功率。最常见的跟踪算法（P&O、InCond、HC、VSS InCond 和 FL）首先使用 MATLAB/Simulink 进行模拟，然后在低成本微控制器 (Arduino) 中实现。电流、电压、负载电流、负载电压、最大功率点功率、占空比、模块温度和面内太阳辐照度都受到监控。使用物联网技术，用户可以随时随地实时检查其安装产生的电力变化，而无需额外的努力或成本。设计的原型适用于国内光伏应用，特别是在偏远地区。它还可以帮助用户根据产生的最大功率的变化在线检查他们的系统是否发生了任何异常。实验结果表明，该系统性能良好。此外，原型易于实现，成本低，节省时间，最大限度地减少人力。开发的监控系统可以通过集成故障检测和诊断算法进行扩展。