Conventional agriculture has induced serious environmental problems that are severe under greenhouse conditions because of the large chemical inputs and high levels of disturbance. Organic and low input management practices with the application of organic amendments, and elimination or reduction of synthetic fertilizer inputs and pesticides, were proposed to alleviate these problems. Existing studies have assessed the effect of different management practices on the communities of one or several types of soil organisms, but the effects on the whole soil food web are unknown. Therefore, we analyzed the impact of three management practices—organic (ORG), low input (LOW) and conventional (CON)—on the structure and biomass of soil food webs under greenhouse conditions in northern China. A range of soil biota including microorganisms, protozoa, nematodes, microarthropods, and annelids, were collected to construct the soil food web. Sampling events were carried out monthly from August to December for 0–10 and 10–20 cm soil depths. The results showed that the number of functional groups, connectance, maximum and mean of food chain length, and food web diversity were highest in ORG, indicating that the soil food web was more complex under organic management practices than the other practices tested. The total food web biomass presented a decreasing sequence of ORG > LOW > CON in both soil layers. For each trophic level, the biomass was greater in ORG than in LOW and CON, and this advantage for ORG increased with increasing trophic level, indicating that organic management practices were more beneficial to biota at higher trophic levels. The principal component analysis based on functional groups showed that the soil food web composition of LOW was between that of ORG and CON, and that of LOW and CON were more similar at 0–10 cm depth. The Bray-Curtis similarity index showed lower variability in ORG than in LOW and CON, indicating a relatively stable soil food web in the organic greenhouse. In summary, organic management practices under greenhouse conditions enhanced soil food web biomass and complexity, which was likely driven by supply of manure and the elimination of chemical inputs.

传统的农业引发了严重的环境问题，由于大量的化学药品投入和高水平的干扰，这种问题在温室条件下非常严重。为了缓解这些问题，人们提出了有机的和低投入的管理实践，以及有机修正的应用，以及消除或减少合成肥料的投入和杀虫剂。现有研究评估了不同管理措施对一种或几种土壤生物群落的影响，但对整个土壤食物网的影响尚不清楚。因此，我们分析了北方地区温室条件下有机（ORG），低投入（LOW）和常规（CON）这三种管理措施对土壤食物网结构和生物量的影响。一系列土壤生物区系，包括微生物，原生动物，收集线虫，微节肢动物和线虫，以构建土壤食物网。从8月到12月每月进行一次采样活动，土壤深度为0–10和10–20 cm。结果表明，ORG中功能组的数量，连接性，食物链长度的最大值和平均值以及食物网的多样性最高，这表明在有机管理实践下，土壤食物网比其他测试实践更为复杂。在两个土壤层中，食物网的总生物量呈现出ORG> LOW> CON递减的顺序。对于每个营养水平，ORG中的生物量都比LOW和CON中的大，而ORG的优势随着营养水平的提高而增加，这表明有机管理实践在较高营养水平下对生物群更有利。基于官能团的主成分分析表明，LOW的土壤食物网组成在ORG和CON之间，而LOW和CON的土壤食物网组成在0-10 cm深度更相似。Bray-Curtis相似性指数显示ORG的变异性低于LOW和CON的变异性，表明有机温室中的土壤食物网相对稳定。总而言之，温室条件下的有机管理做法增加了土壤食物网的生物量和复杂性，这很可能是由肥料供应和消除化学投入驱动的。表明有机温室中的土壤食物网相对稳定。总而言之，温室条件下的有机管理做法增加了土壤食物网的生物量和复杂性，这很可能是由肥料供应和消除化学投入驱动的。表明有机温室中的土壤食物网相对稳定。总而言之，温室条件下的有机管理做法增加了土壤食物网的生物量和复杂性，这很可能是由肥料供应和消除化学投入驱动的。