Ocean waves are crucial for the engineering community, both in the open ocean and in the coastal zone. By studying a 40-year (1979-2018) global hindcast, a systematic and long-term analysis on the temporal variation and spatial pattern of wave parameters is performed, with a focus on wave period. The mean and maximal conditions of peak period reflect the dominance of the swell and the region where it generates. The variabilities of the significant wave height and peak period show that high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) have a generally large wave with a small dispersion. Trend patterns of peak period present similarities and differences, which can be associated with the climate mode. Spatial scopes of influence by this mode show the signal in the peak period, exceeding the local correlation zone and presenting a remote correlation. The joint characteristic of the significant wave height and peak period presents the differences of representative and extreme sea states in tropical regions and high latitudes, such as a large variation in high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and an extreme peak period occurring simultaneously with small significant wave height in tropical regions.

在公海和沿海地区，海浪对工程界都是至关重要的。通过研究40年（1979-2018年）的全球后兆，对波浪参数的时间变化和空间格局进行了系统的长期分析，重点是波浪周期。高峰期的平均条件和最大条件反映了涨势及其产生区域的优势。显着的波高和峰值周期的变化表明，南半球（SH）的高纬度地区通常具有较大的波，且色散较小。高峰期的趋势模式呈现出相似性和差异性，这可能与气候模式有关。受此模式影响的空间范围显示信号处于峰值周期，超过了本地相关区域并呈现出远程相关。