The closure of coal mines is closely linked to the change in European energy policy regarding the reduction of CO₂ emissions. The process of closing underground mines has impacted many mining companies, especially in Europe. Along with the decision to close a mine, a number of steps have to be taken with regard to its liquidation. One of these is the decision to begin flooding the mining excavations with underground water. The process of liquidation of an underground mine brings with it a number of problems and dangers related to, among others, the environment, geomechanics and surface protection.

This article aims to present the possibility of forecasting deformation of the land surface as a result of the flooding of underground excavations characterised by steeply inclined seams and to indicate the dangers posed by the liquidation of underground mines to the environment and civil engineering structures. The use of numerical modelling is an innovative approach to the problem of steeply inclined flooded seam induced surface deformations. It is an interdisciplinary area that encompasses mining and environmental protection.

The authors present numerical calculations and simulations of land surface uplift resulting from the liquidation process for a case study (Spanish mine). The calculations were made by Finite Element Modelling (FEM). The authors have created numerical models characterised by steeply inclined seams, and based on the authorship methodology they have calculated the surface deformation. The obtained results were verified by measurements. Such analysis was never done before. The authors proved that with numerical modelling and developed methodology, it is possible to successfully forecast surface deformations during the liquidation of mines by flooding. Then, based on the obtained forecast values, a discussion on the possibility of mining damage in the analysed area may begin. Such damages have been observed during the flooding of German mines.

The conducted research is interdisciplinary in the field of mining and civil and environmental engineering. Furthermore, the very issue of damage is also important from the socio-economical point of view.

煤矿的关闭与欧洲关于减少 CO ₂排放的能源政策的变化密切相关。关闭地下矿山的过程影响了许多矿业公司，尤其是在欧洲。在决定关闭一个矿山的同时，还必须采取一些步骤来清理它。其中之一是决定开始用地下水淹没采矿挖掘。地下矿山的清理过程带来了许多与环境、地质力学和地表保护等相关的问题和危险。

本文旨在提出预测以陡倾煤层为特征的地下开挖所造成的地表变形的可能性，并指出地下矿山的清理对环境和土木工程结构构成的危险。数值模拟的使用是解决陡峭倾斜淹没煤层引起的表面变形问题的一种创新方法。这是一个涵盖采矿和环境保护的跨学科领域。

作者针对一个案例研究（西班牙矿山）介绍了由清算过程引起的地表隆起的数值计算和模拟。计算是通过有限元建模 (FEM) 进行的。作者创建了以陡峭倾斜接缝为特征的数值模型，并根据作者身份计算了表面变形。通过测量验证了获得的结果。以前从未做过这样的分析。作者证明，通过数值模拟和已开发的方法，可以成功地预测因洪水而导致矿山清算期间的地表变形。然后，根据获得的预测值，可以开始讨论分析区域内采矿损坏的可能性。在德国矿山被洪水淹没期间已经观察到这种损坏。

所进行的研究是采矿和土木与环境工程领域的跨学科研究。此外，从社会经济角度来看，损害问题本身也很重要。