A theoretical analysis of the performance and limitations of integrated direct contact membrane distillation module and heat pump (DCMD-HP) is presented. The investigation aims to identify and compare the operating limits, output flux, energy efficiency, and production cost of different scenarios of integrations for optimized performance. Open and closed water cycles for feed and permeate streams were investigated, with R134a and R22 as working refrigerants. Results showed that the heat pump specifications determine the limits of condenser and evaporator heat exchangers performances. Integrating a heat pump to drive the DCMD desalination unit depicted lower energy consumption and production cost as compared to the electrically driven system for heating and cooling, for the same output flux, as informed by the calculated GOR and SEC values. The analysis included customizing the heat pump for a given DCMD unit in a closed water cycle that resulted in GOR values between 1.8 and 2.1 and SEC values between 330 and 400 kWh/m³, with production cost from 30 to 4 $/m³. The work studied customizing a parallel multistage DCMD for a 2 kW commercial heat pump and the production cost was reduced to 0.5–2 $/m³.

对集成的直接接触式膜蒸馏模块和热泵（DCMD-HP）的性能和局限性进行了理论分析。该调查旨在确定和比较不同集成方案的运行极限，输出通量，能效和生产成本，以实现最佳性能。以R134a和R22作为工作制冷剂，研究了进料和渗透物流的开式和闭式水循环。结果表明，热泵规格决定了冷凝器和蒸发器热交换器性能的极限。集成热泵来驱动DCMD海水淡化装置，与用于加热和冷却的电驱动系统相比，在相同的输出通量下，能耗和生产成本更低，这是通过计算出的GOR和SEC值得知的。³，生产成本为30至4美元/ m ³。研究工作是为2 kW商业热泵定制并行多级DCMD，生产成本降低至0.5–2 $ / m ³。