Adenosine plays a significant role in neurotransmission process by controlling the blood pressure, while adenosine triphosphate (ATP) acts as a neuromodulator and neurotransmitter and by activation of P2 receptors, regulates the contractility of the heart. Adenosine signaling is essential in the process of regeneration by regulating proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of stem cells. In this review, we have selected neurological disorders (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy) with clinical trials using antagonists and epigenetic tools targeting adenosine receptor as a therapeutic approach in the treatment of these disorders. Promising results have been reported from many clinical trials. It has been found that higher expression levels of A2A and P2X7 receptors in neurological disorders further complicate the disease condition. Therefore, modulations of these receptors by using antagonists of these receptors or SAM (S-adenosylmethionine) therapy as an epigenetic tool could be useful in reversing the complications of these disorders. Finally, we suggest that modulation of adenosine receptors in neurological disorders can increase the regenerative phase by increasing the rate of proliferation and differentiation in the damaged tissues.

中文翻译：

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靶向神经系统疾病中的腺苷受体

腺苷通过控制血压在神经传递过程中发挥重要作用，而三磷酸腺苷 (ATP) 作为神经调节剂和神经递质，并通过激活 P2 受体来调节心脏的收缩性。腺苷信号通过调节干细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡在再生过程中是必不可少的。在这篇综述中，我们选择了神经系统疾病（阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化症、多发性硬化症和癫痫症）进行临床试验，使用靶向腺苷受体的拮抗剂和表观遗传工具作为治疗这些疾病的治疗方法。许多临床试验报告了有希望的结果。已经发现，神经系统疾病中 A2A 和 P2X7 受体的更高表达水平使疾病状况进一步复杂化。因此，通过使用这些受体的拮抗剂或 SAM（S-腺苷甲硫氨酸）疗法作为表观遗传工具来调节这些受体可能有助于逆转这些疾病的并发症。最后，我们建议在神经系统疾病中调节腺苷受体可以通过增加受损组织的增殖和分化速率来增加再生阶段。