We use ground and space geodetic data to study surface deformation at Kīlauea Volcano from January to September 2015. This period includes an episode of heightened activity in April and May 2015 that culminated in a magmatic intrusion beneath the volcano's summit. The data set consists of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), tilt, visual and seismic time series along with 25 descending and 15 ascending acquisitions of the Sentinel-1 satellite. We identify four different stages of surface deformation and volcanic activity, which we attribute to pressure changes and the movement of magma in response to an imbalance between magma supply and withdrawal in the shallow plumbing system, eventually leading to an intrusion beneath the summit area. In particular, we model the deformation as due to pressure changes in two subsurface magma bodies: the Halema‘uma‘u Reservoir (HMMR) and South Caldera Reservoir (SCR). The SCR was best described by an ellipsoidal source at 2.8 (2.65–3.07 at 95% confidence) km depth below the south caldera region. The HMMR was modeled as a point source located just east of Halema‘uma‘u crater at 1.5 (0.95–2.62) km depth. We suggest that a short-term increase in the magma supply rate to the volcano is a potential mechanisms for the intrusion, although other factors, like the filling of available void space or a reduced efficiency of magma transport through the volcano's East Rift Zone, may also play a role.

我们使用地面和空间大地测量数据来研究2015年1月至2015年9月基拉韦厄火山的表面变形。这一时期包括2015年4月和2015年5月活动加剧，最终导致火山顶下发生岩浆侵入。该数据集包括全球导航卫星系统（GNSS），倾斜，视觉和地震时间序列，以及Sentinel-1卫星的25个降序和15个升序采集。我们确定了地表变形和火山活动的四个不同阶段，我们将其归因于压力变化和岩浆运动，这是由于浅管道系统中岩浆供应和撤出之间的不平衡所致，最终导致了山顶区域下方的侵入。特别是，我们将变形建模为两个地下岩浆体中压力变化所致：Halema'uma'u水库（HMMR）和South Caldera水库（SCR）。SCR最好用南火山口区域以下2.8公里（椭圆率在95％置信度下为2.65-3.07）的椭圆形源描述。HMMR被建模为位于Halema'uma'u火山口以东1.5（0.95-2.62）km深度的点源。我们建议，短期内增加火山岩浆供应速率是入侵的潜在机制，尽管其他因素（例如，可用空间的填充或穿过火山东裂谷区的岩浆运输效率降低）可能也起着作用。HMMR被建模为位于Halema'uma'u火山口以东1.5（0.95-2.62）km深度的点源。我们建议，短期内增加火山岩浆供应速率是入侵的潜在机制，尽管其他因素（例如，可用空间的填充或穿过火山东裂谷区的岩浆运输效率降低）可能也起着作用。HMMR被建模为位于Halema'uma'u火山口以东1.5（0.95-2.62）km深度的点源。我们建议，短期内增加火山岩浆供应速率是入侵的潜在机制，尽管其他因素（例如，可用空间的填充或穿过火山东裂谷区的岩浆运输效率降低）可能也起着作用。