The pan-Antarctic distributions of several collembolan species have been supported by morphology for over 120 years. However, for most species where molecular data are available, these are now known to belong instead to several species, and most classified as short-range endemics. One such species, Friesea grisea, had a pan-Antarctic distribution that has been in question, but until recently, specimens of F. grisea from the type locality on South Georgia have not been included in any molecular appraisal. Here, we compare the molecular identity of specimens of F. grisea, from South Georgia, with other Antarctic and sub-Antarctic species using the mitochondrial COI gene. A Bayesian phylogenetic analysis for 14 species of Friesea from southern regions, including F. grisea sensu stricto with species previously identified as ‘F. grisea’ (F. antarctica, F. gretae and F. propria) confirms the distinctness of the South Georgian specimens based on molecular data, and these results are confirmed morphologically. The genus Friesea is one of the most speciose genera of Collembola known in the Antarctic region, and we provide an annotated key (dichotomous and interactive versions) to all Friesea species in the sub-Antarctic and Antarctica. We compare the biogeography of Friesea to other Collembola from the region to highlight our current understanding of species boundaries and island linkages.

中文翻译：

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Friesea (Neanuridae) 的物种多样性揭示了南极弹尾虫之间相似的生物地理模式

120 多年来，形态学一直支持几种弹跳虫的泛南极分布。然而，对于大多数分子数据可用的物种，现在已知这些物种属于几个物种，并且大多数被归类为短程地方性物种。一种这样的物种Friesea grisea的泛南极分布一直受到质疑，但直到最近，来自南乔治亚岛模式产地的F. grisea标本还没有被纳入任何分子评估。在这里，我们使用线粒体 COI 基因比较了来自南乔治亚岛的F. grisea标本与其他南极和亚南极物种的分子特性。Friesea 14 种贝叶斯系统发育分析来自南部地区，包括F.菌意义上的严格与以前认定为“种F.菌”（˚F。南极洲，F. gretae和F.固有）证实了南格鲁吉亚的清晰度标本基于分子数据，并且这些结果形态学证实。属Friesea是在南极地区称为跳虫的最speciose属之一，我们提供了一个注解键（两分法和交互式版本），所有Friesea在亚南极和南极洲的物种。我们比较了弗里西亚的生物地理学 到该地区的其他跳虫，以突出我们目前对物种边界和岛屿联系的理解。