Global material extraction has been growing rapidly for several decades, accelerated by increasing population and expansion of the built environment. Understanding the total in-use stock is identified as an important pillar to support information for sustainable development. However, knowledge of the in-use stock in the economically developing world remains insufficient. Nighttime light (NTL) imagery has been used to address research questions in various fields when data are intermittent or lacking. This study was conducted to measure a correlation between the NTL and the total in-use in an economically developing nation: Laos. A dynamic material stock (MS) model is implemented to provide a conventional dataset of the total in-use stock. Various regression models are then implemented to assess the correlation of the NTL and the total in-use stock. Results of MS model demonstrate that, during 1990–2015, the total in-use stock expanded almost seven-fold, increasing from 75 million tonnes to 490 million tonnes. The result from the best regression models of this study shows the correlation between the lit area and in-use stock is 0.94, implying that if the lit area increases by 1%, the total in-use stock of Laos will increase by about 0.67%. The NTL distribution shows that most of the in-use stock is currently accumulated in cities and urban areas such as Vientiane (the capital), Pakse, and Kaysone Phomvihane city. The proposed methodology can be used as a proxy to asset material stocks in other developing countries when data are not available for a conventional material stock model.