In this article, we discuss the 3D Interactive Virtual Training for Teachers system (IVT-T) which we built for teachers to hone in their classroom management skills. By interacting with thirty fully autonomous and animated realistic 3D virtual students in two detailed and realistic 3D classrooms, teachers can practice their behavior management and receive feedback and reflection opportunities on their performances. Lack of experience in managing students’ disruptive behavior in classrooms is one of the main causes of teacher turnover and IVT-T provides them with such an experience in virtual reality using 3D graphics and spatialized sounds. IVT-T is a low-cost stand-alone fully autonomous system that teachers can interact with on their laptop, without special equipment or personnel to operate the system. Although previous training systems for teachers have been successfully developed, requirements to guide future research and development of such systems have not been established. We present a set of six requirements (Behavioral Fidelity, Environment Fidelity, Instructional Design, Autonomy, Interactivity, and Scalability) for VTEs for teachers established from our survey of the literature and from our iterative lifecycle activities to build IVT-T. We describe IVT-T’s modular architecture designed to meet these VTE requirements and to enable the addition of an integrated intelligent tutor. We evaluated IVT-T to assess whether all requirements have been met. The evaluation of the behavioral and graphical fidelity of our virtual students conducted by education experts using mixed methods indicated that IVT-Ts graphics and students’ behaviors were very realistic. The evaluation of IVT-T’s User Interface (UI) usability confirmed IVT-T’s effectiveness, efficiency, and learnability. We present current findings supporting the soundness of IVT-T instructional design. We conclude with implications of our proposed requirements for future VTEs for learning social skills, and our future plans for IVT-T.

在本文中，我们讨论了3D交互式教师虚拟培训系统（IVT-T），该系统是为教师建立的，以磨练其课堂管理技能。通过在两个详细且逼真的3D教室中与30个完全自主且具有动画逼真的3D虚拟学生进行交互，教师可以练习其行为管理并获得有关其表现的反馈和反思机会。缺乏在课堂上管理学生的破坏性行为的经验是导致教师更替的主要原因之一，IVT-T使用3D图形和空间化声音为他们提供了这种虚拟现实的体验。IVT-T是一种低成本的独立式完全自主系统，教师可以在其笔记本电脑上进行交互，而无需使用特殊设备或人员来操作该系统。尽管以前的教师培训系统已经成功开发，但尚未建立指导此类系统未来研究和开发的要求。我们根据从文献调查和迭代生命周期活动中建立IVT-T的要求，提出了教师对VTE的六项要求（行为保真度，环境保真度，教学设计，自主性，交互性和可伸缩性）。我们描述了IVT-T的模块化体系结构，旨在满足这些VTE要求并增加集成的智能导师。我们评估了IVT-T，以评估是否满足所有要求。现实的。对IVT-T用户界面（UI）可用性的评估证实了IVT-T的有效性，效率和可学习性。我们提出了支持IVT-T教学设计合理性的最新发现。最后，我们对未来的VTE学习社交技能的拟议要求以及IVT-T的未来计划进行了总结。