This review examines new techniques and applications of organic petrography in source-rock reservoir petroleum systems that have occurred along with development of the global ‘shale revolution’ in energy resources. The review is limited to techniques and instrumentation that provide spatially resolved information, typically at or below microscales, for dispersed organic matter occurring in situ in samples of shale and mudrock. A brief summary of ion beam sample preparation is followed by discussion of the most common analytical techniques and applications. Advantages and limitations of each technique, including requisite sample preparation, types of information generated [e.g., molecular or elemental (isotopic) abundance], sensitivity, and resolution are discussed. In a few cases, techniques not yet applied to organic petrology of shale or mudrock are described (e.g., X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy imaging), in anticipation of near-term future application. The most common in situ techniques applied for characterization of organic matter in shale and mudrock include optical (including fluorescence) and electron microscopies, Raman, fluorescence, and infrared spectroscopies, and surficial measurements via force microscopy. Techniques that show growing application to organic petrography of shale include tip-enhanced photothermal infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry imaging, and synchrotron-based spectroscopies, among others. It is anticipated that the future of dispersed organic matter petrography will hold continued development of integrated instrument techniques (e.g., simultaneous or sequential correlative microscopies and/or spectroscopies of the same location), increased instrumental resolution, increased use of multiscale and multimodal organic petrography investigations, and three-dimensional imaging and chemical speciation mapping applications via multiple analytical approaches.

本文对随着能源全球“页岩革命”的发展而发生的源岩储层石油系统中有机岩相学的新技术和应用进行了研究。该评论仅限于能为原位发生的分散有机物提供空间分辨信息的技术和仪器，通常在微米级或以下。在页岩和泥岩样品中。离子束样品制备的简要概述，然后是最常见的分析技术和应用的讨论。讨论了每种技术的优点和局限性，包括必需的样品制备，所生成信息的类型（例如，分子或元素（同位素）丰度），灵敏度和分辨率。在少数情况下，由于预期将在不久的将来应用，因此描述了尚未应用于页岩或泥岩有机岩石学的技术（例如X射线光电子能谱成像）。最常见的原位用于表征页岩和泥岩中有机物的技术包括光学（包括荧光）和电子显微镜，拉曼光谱，荧光和红外光谱以及通过力显微镜进行的表面测量。在页岩有机岩石学中显示越来越多的应用的技术包括尖端增强的光热红外光谱，质谱成像和基于同步加速器的光谱学等。预计未来，有机物分散岩相学将继续发展综合仪器技术（例如，同一位置的同时或顺序相关显微学和/或光谱学），仪器分辨率的提高，多尺度和多模式有机岩学研究的使用，