This article analyzes the effects of key physical oceanographic conditions on underwater propagation in a shallow water environment. Signals at 2 kHz were transmitted and received over ranges of 1–10 km, and the variability in the sound-speed profile, bathymetry, position of the instruments, and sea surface roughness was measured and the uncertainty on each parameter was estimated. The acoustic channel characteristics, including the transmission loss, delay spread, and coherence time, were calculated between a moored five-element vertical line array and a vessel deployed source. The measurement results were modeled using a Bellhop's ray tracing algorithm. The sensitivity of the simulator output was evaluated as a function of the environmental conditions, and the observed variability in the transmission loss was reproduced by varying the input parameters to the model within the observed and estimated bounds. The relative importance of the physical properties of the environment in terms of their impact on the acoustic channel is determined through a comparison of modeled and measured transmission loss variability.

中文翻译：

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浅水声通道的海洋敏感性

本文分析了关键的海洋物理条件对浅水环境中水下传播的影响。在1–10 km的范围内发送和接收2 kHz的信号，并测量了声速剖面，测深法，仪器的位置和海面粗糙度的变化，并估算了每个参数的不确定性。在系泊的五单元垂直线阵列和船只展开源之间计算了包括传输损耗，延迟扩展和相干时间在内的声学通道特性。使用Bellhop的光线跟踪算法对测量结果进行建模。根据环境条件评估模拟器输出的灵敏度，通过在观察范围和估计范围内改变模型的输入参数，可以再现观察到的传输损耗变化。通过比较建模和测量的传输损耗可变性，可以确定环境物理特性对声通道的影响的相对重要性。