Petroleum hydrocarbons represent one of the most common soil contaminants, whose presence poses a significant risk to soil biota and human health; for example, in Europe, hydrocarbon contamination accounts for more than 30% of contaminated sites. The use of biochar as a proposed alternative to the conventional remediation of soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons has gained credence in recent times because of its cost-effectiveness and environmentally friendly nature. Biochar is a carbonaceous material produced by heating biomass in an oxygen-limited environment at high temperature. This review provides an overview of the application of biochar to remediate petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils, with emphasis on the possibility of biochar functioning as a biostimulation agent. The properties of biochar were also examined. Furthermore, the mechanism, ecotoxicological impact and possible factors affecting biochar-based remediation are discussed. The review concludes by examining the drawbacks of biochar use in the remediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils and how to mitigate them. Biochar impacts soil microbes, which may result in the promotion of the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil. Linear regression between bacterial population and degradation efficiency showed that R² was higher (0.50) and significant in treatment amended with biochar or both biochar and nutrient/fertiliser (p < 0.01), compared to treatment with nutrient/fertiliser only or no amendment (R² = 0.11). This suggest that one of the key impacts of biochar is enhancing microbial biomass and thus the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. Biochar represents a promising biostimulation agent for the remediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. However, there remains key questions to be answered.

石油碳氢化合物是最常见的土壤污染物之一，其存在对土壤生物和人类健康构成重大风险。例如，在欧洲，碳氢化合物污染占受污染场地的30％以上。由于生物炭具有成本效益和环境友好的性质，因此其作为常规补救方法的替代方案已得到人们的认可，该生物炭是对石油烃污染的土壤进行常规修复的替代方法。生物炭是通过在氧气受限的环境中高温加热生物质而产生的碳质材料。这篇综述概述了生物炭在修复被石油烃污染的土壤中的应用，重点是生物炭作为生物刺激剂的可能性。还检查了生物炭的性质。此外，讨论了机理，生态毒理学影响以及可能影响基于生物炭的修复的因素。审查总结了通过使用生物炭在碳氢化合物污染土壤的修复中的弊端以及如何减轻其危害。生物炭影响土壤微生物，这可能会促进土壤中石油碳氢化合物的降解。细菌种群与降解效率之间的线性回归表明，R与仅使用营养物/肥料或不使用营养物/肥料（R ² = 0.11）的处理相比，使用生物炭或同时使用生物炭和养分/肥料的处理中，^2的含量更高（0.50），且显着（p <0.01 ）。这表明生物炭的主要影响之一是增强微生物的生物量，从而增强石油碳氢化合物的生物降解性。Biochar代表了一种有前途的生物刺激剂，可用于修复碳氢化合物污染的土壤。但是，仍有一些关键问题需要回答。