Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease (AD) worldwide. The prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in PD patients is high. We conducted this comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the association between SIBO and PD. A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed, Cochrane Library and EMBASE databases was performed to identify studies correlating SIBO with PD. Studies were screened, and relevant data were extracted and analysed. We calculated the pooled prevalence of SIBO in all individuals with PD and compared the prevalence of SIBO between the two groups to calculate an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Egger’s test was performed to assess publication bias. Eleven studies with 973 participants met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of SIBO in patients with PD was 46% (95% CI 36–56). A random-effects model was applied given the heterogeneity (I2 = 83%) detected among the studies. Egger’s test indicated no publication bias (p = 0.0657). Subgroup analyses showed that the prevalence of SIBO was greater in studies including patients diagnosed using the lactulose hydrogen breath test (LBT) (51%, 95% CI 37–65) than in those including patients diagnosed using the glucose hydrogen breath test (GBT) (35%, 95% CI 20–50), and the prevalence of SIBO in PD was highest (55%, 95% CI 38–72) in patients diagnosed by the LBT and GBT. The prevalence of SIBO was 52% (95% CI 40–64) among patients from Western countries and 33% (95% CI 22–43) among patients from Eastern countries. The pooled OR of SIBO in PD patients compared with healthy controls was 5.22 (95% CI 3.33–8.19, p < 0.00001). We did not identify an obvious predictor of SIBO in PD patients. In conclusion, our meta-analysis found a strong association between SIBO and PD with approximately half of PD patients testing positive for SIBO. These relationships significantly differed based on diagnostic test and geographic area.

中文翻译：

---

小肠细菌过度生长与帕金森氏病的关联：系统评价和荟萃分析

帕金森氏病（PD）是仅次于阿尔茨海默氏病（AD）的第二大流行性神经退行性疾病。PD患者中小肠细菌过度生长（SIBO）的患病率很高。我们进行了这项全面的系统评价和荟萃分析，以确定SIBO和PD之间的关联。对PubMed，Cochrane Library和EMBASE数据库进行了全面的文献检索，以鉴定将SIBO与PD相关的研究。筛选研究，提取和分析相关数据。我们计算了所有PD患者中SIBO的合并患病率，并比较了两组之间SIBO的患病率，以计算比值比（OR）和95％置信区间（CI）。进行了Egger检验以评估出版偏倚。有973名参与者的11项研究符合纳入标准。PD患者中SIBO的合并患病率为46％（95％CI 36-56）。考虑到在研究中检测到的异质性（I2 = 83％），应用了随机效应模型。Egger检验表明没有发表偏倚（p = 0.0657）。亚组分析显示，在使用乳果糖氢呼气试验（LBT）诊断的患者中，SIBO的患病率更高（51％，95％CI 37-65），而在使用糖氢呼气试验（GBT）诊断的患者中，SIBO的患病率更高通过LBT和GBT诊断的患者中（35％，95％CI 20–50），PD的SIBO患病率最高（55％，95％CI 38-72）。在西方国家患者中，SIBO的患病率为52％（95％CI 40-64），在东方国家患者中为33％（95％CI 22-43）。PD患者与健康对照组相比，SIBO的合并OR为5.22（95％CI 3.33–8.19，p <0.00001）。我们没有发现PD患者中SIBO的明显预测因子。总而言之，我们的荟萃分析发现SIBO与PD之间有很强的关联性，大约一半的PD患者的SIBO检测呈阳性。根据诊断测试和地理区域，这些关系存在显着差异。