This study investigated how adolescents’ Big Five personality traits are related to mental health (i.e., happiness) and mental illness (i.e., depressive symptoms and anxiety) and whether their time perspectives may be potential mediators of these relations. The sample included 235 high school students (54.5% girls), aged between 15 and 18 (M = 16.87, SD = 0.68). The results indicated that adolescents with higher emotional stability also reported higher levels of happiness and lower levels of depressive symptoms and anxiety, whereas those with high levels of extraversion or conscientiousness experienced higher happiness. Further, adolescents with low levels of past negative or high levels of past positive time perspectives also reported high levels of happiness and low levels of mental illness. Furthermore, high levels of present fatalist and low levels of present hedonist time perspectives were associated with low levels of happiness. Our findings provided evidence for the mediating role of the past negative and past positive time perspectives for the relations of extraversion, emotional stability and agreeableness with both mental health and mental illness. Finally, the present hedonistic time perspective mediated the relations of extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness with happiness, whereas the present fatalist time perspective mediated the relation between emotional stability and happiness. Our study highlights the importance of time perspectives as mediational factors for the relations of the personality traits with adolescents’ mental health and mental illness.

这项研究调查了青少年的五种人格特质与心理健康（即幸福）和精神疾病（即抑郁症状和焦虑）之间的关系，以及他们的时间观点是否可能是这些关系的潜在媒介。样本包括235名高中生（54.5％的女孩），年龄在15至18岁之间（M  = 16.87，SD = 0.68）。结果表明，情绪稳定性较高的青少年幸福感水平较高，而抑郁症状和焦虑水平较低，而性格外向或尽责的青少年幸福感较高。此外，过去消极的经历水平低或过去积极的时间观点水平高的青少年也报告了高水平的幸福感和低水平的精神疾病。此外，当前宿命论者的高水平和享乐主义者时间观点的低水平与幸福感的低水平相关。我们的发现为过去的消极和过去的积极时间观点在外向性，情绪稳定和与心理健康和精神疾病之间的关系中所起的中介作用提供了证据。最后，当前享乐主义时间观点介导了外向性，顺从性和尽责性与幸福之间的关系，而宿命论者时间观点则介导了情绪稳定与幸福之间的关系。我们的研究强调了时间观点作为调解人格特质与青少年心理健康和精神疾病之间关系的重要因素。