Abstract:

This article explores the impact of agricultural science and extension on the cotton industry in interwar Shandong Province. It shows that cotton experts played an important role in breeding upland or “American” cotton and in organizing communities to maintain the quality of the improved varieties. In the 1910s and early 1920s, cotton experts focused primarily on acclimatizing and improving American cotton varieties. Early approaches to distributing improved varieties failed to account for the difficulties of maintaining seed purity. Subsequently, in the 1930s, cotton scientists and extension agents worked together with industrialists, bankers, local government, rural reformers, and farmers to promote production and marketing cooperatives to manage how cotton was grown, ginned, and sold in a given community. These regulatory measures helped prevent seed degeneration and produced large supplies of pure-seed cotton for local production and factory consumption.

摘要：

本文探讨了两次世界大战期间山东省农业科学和推广活动对棉花产业的影响。它表明，棉花专家在陆地棉或“美国”棉花的育种以及组织社区维护改良品种的质量方面发挥了重要作用。在1910年代和1920年代初，棉花专家主要致力于使美国棉花品种适应和改良。分配改良品种的早期方法未能解决维持种子纯度的困难。随后，在1930年代，棉花科学家和推广人员与工业家，银行家，地方政府，农村改革者和农民合作，促进了生产和销售合作社来管理棉花在特定社区的种植，轧花和销售方式。