Measuring the dynamics of neural processing across time scales requires following the spiking of thousands of individual neurons over milliseconds and months. To address this need, we introduce the Neuropixels 2.0 probe together with newly designed analysis algorithms. The probe has more than 5000 sites and is miniaturized to facilitate chronic implants in small mammals and recording during unrestrained behavior. High-quality recordings over long time scales were reliably obtained in mice and rats in six laboratories. Improved site density and arrangement combined with newly created data processing methods enable automatic post hoc correction for brain movements, allowing recording from the same neurons for more than 2 months. These probes and algorithms enable stable recordings from thousands of sites during free behavior, even in small animals such as mice.

测量跨时间尺度的神经处理动态需要在几毫秒和几个月内跟踪数千个单个神经元的峰值。为了满足这一需求，我们引入了 Neuropixels 2.0 探针以及新设计的分析算法。该探针有超过5000个位点，并且被小型化，以便于在小型哺乳动物体内进行长期植入并记录不受约束的行为。在六个实验室的小鼠和大鼠中可靠地获得了长时间尺度的高质量记录。改进的位点密度和排列与新创建的数据处理方法相结合，可以对大脑运动进行自动事后校正，从而可以对相同神经元进行超过 2 个月的记录。这些探针和算法可以在自由行为期间从数千个位置进行稳定记录，即使是在小鼠等小动物中也是如此。