This article proposes that we recognize ‘accountability’ as a forward-looking virtue, which disposes its possessors to live accountably in relation to those to whom they are rightly answerable, and which can be sub-divided into ‘particular accountability’, exercised within specific and limited relationships, and ‘ultimate accountability’, regarding the shape of one’s life as a whole. The article then proposes that these two forms of accountability find close analogues in two virtues which Thomas Aquinas described as ‘annexed to justice’, namely ‘obedience’ (accountability to human superiors) and ‘religion’ (accountability to God).

中文翻译：

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问责制是正义的一种子类型：对阿奎那的《神学》中“服从”和“宗教”的思考

本文提出，我们认为“问责制”是一种前瞻性的美德，它使拥有者对与其应负有责任的人保持负责任的生活，并且可以细分为“特殊问责制”，在特定的范围内行使有限的人际关系和“终极责任”，关系到一个人的整体生活。文章随后提出，这两种问责形式在两个方面被Thomas Aquinas形容为“与正义挂钩”的两个相似之处，即“服从”（对人类上级的问责制）和“宗教”（对上帝的问责制）。