Exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) among combat veterans has been acknowledged as a significant stressful combat event that may lead to mental health problems, including suicide ideation (SI). Several studies have examined the risk and protective factors that can explain the conditions in which PMIEs may contribute to the development and maintenance of SI. However, the contribution of social-emotional factors has yet to be examined. In the current study, we examined the association between PMIE-Self and SI among combat veterans and explored the mediating role of trauma-related shame and the moderation role of collective hatred in this association. A volunteer sample of 336 Israeli combat veterans was recruited, completing self-report questionnaires in a cross-sectional study. Results indicated that PMIE-Self was positively associated with SI, and trauma-related shame mediated this association. Moreover, collective hatred moderated both their direct (PMIE–SI) and indirect (PMIE–Shame–SI) association. Notably, collective hatred had an inverse role for each of the associations. Thus, collective hatred was found to comprise both a risk and a protective factor for SI following PMIE-Self. The current findings highlight the crucial contribution of trauma-related shame and collective hatred to the association between moral injury and suicidality. Moreover, the findings demonstrate that even years after their military service release, combat veterans exposed to PMIEs may still feel consumed by painful memories and maintain premonitions of a foreshortened future. Furthermore, the findings help to better understand the dynamics of collective hatred and the challenge of modifying it.

在退伍军人中暴露于潜在的道德伤害事件 (PMIE) 已被公认为可能导致包括自杀意念 (SI) 在内的心理健康问题的重大压力战斗事件。几项研究已经检查了风险和保护因素，这些因素可以解释 PMIE 可能有助于 SI 的发展和维持的条件。然而，社会情感因素的贡献还有待检验。在目前的研究中，我们检查了战斗退伍军人中PMIE-Self和SI之间的关联，并探讨了创伤相关羞耻的中介作用和集体仇恨在这种关联中的调节作用。招募了 336 名以色列退伍军人的志愿者样本，在横断面研究中完成了自我报告问卷。结果表明，PMIE-Self 与 SI 呈正相关，而与创伤相关的羞耻感介导了这种关联。此外，集体仇恨缓和了他们的直接（PMIE-SI）和间接（PMIE-Shame-SI）关联。值得注意的是，集体仇恨对每个协会都有相反的作用。因此，在 PMIE-Self 之后，发现集体仇恨既是 SI 的风险因素，也是保护因素。目前的研究结果强调了与创伤相关的羞耻和集体仇恨对道德伤害和自杀之间关联的关键贡献。此外，研究结果表明，即使在服兵役多年后，暴露于 PMIE 的退伍军人仍可能会被痛苦的记忆所吞噬，并保持对未来缩短的预感。此外，