To provide a comprehensive view of the unique contexts shaping adolescent development in the U.S., we utilized latent class analysis (LCA) with indicators of risk and protection across multiple domains (family, peers, school, neighborhood) and examined how latent class membership predicted heavy episodic drinking, illicit substance use, and depression in adolescence and 6 years later when participants were young adults. Data came from Wave 1 (W1) and Wave 3 (W3) of the nationally representative U.S.-based Add Health study (N = 6,649; M_age W1 = 14.06; M_age W3 = 20.38; 53.8% female; 56.1% White/European American, 22.8% Black/African American, 9.5% Hispanic, 6.7% Biracial, Asian or Pacific Islander 4.2%, American Indian/Native American 0.7%). A six-class solution was selected with classes named: Two Parent: Low Risk, Two Parent: Relationship Risks, Two Parent: Neighborhood Risks, Single Parent: Low Risk, Single Parent: Relationship Risks, and Single Parent: Multidimensional Risk. Subsequent analyses suggested that adolescent social relationships are particularly important for prevention interventions as the classes marked by substance using peers and a lack of closeness to parents and teachers in adolescence (Two Parent: Relationship Risks and Single Parent: Relationship Risks) had consistently poorer outcomes in adolescence and young adulthood.

为了全面了解塑造美国青少年发展的独特背景，我们利用潜在阶层分析 (LCA) 以及跨多个领域（家庭、同侪、学校、社区）的风险和保护指标，并研究了潜在阶层成员如何预测重度青少年成长。青少年时期和 6 年后（当参与者是年轻人时）偶尔饮酒、非法药物使用和抑郁症。数据来自全国代表性的美国 Add Health 研究的第 1 波 (W1) 和第 3 波 (W3)（ N = 6,649； M_年龄W1 = 14.06； M_年龄W3 = 20.38；53.8% 女性；56.1% 白人/欧洲人美国人，22.8% 黑人/非裔美国人，9.5% 西班牙裔，6.7% 混血儿，亚洲或太平洋岛民 4.2%，美洲印第安人/美洲原住民 0.7%）。选择了六类解决方案，其中的类名为：两个父母：低风险、两个父母：关系风险、两个父母：邻里风险、单亲：低风险、单亲：关系风险和单亲：多维风险。随后的分析表明，青少年社会关系对于预防干预措施尤为重要，因为以同龄人吸毒以及青春期与父母和老师缺乏亲密关系为标志的班​​级（双亲：关系风险和单亲：关系风险）在青春期和青年期。