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Mule Deer Migrations and Highway Underpass Usage in California, USA
Journal of Wildlife Management ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-16 , DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22043
Molly R. Caldwell 1 , J. Mario K. Klip 1
Affiliation  

Roadways may pose barriers to long-distance migrators such as some ungulates. Highway underpasses mitigate wildlife-vehicle collisions and can be an important management tool for protecting migration corridors. In northern California, 3 underpasses were built on United States Route 395 (Route 395) in Hallelujah Junction Wildlife Area (HJWA) in the 1970s for a migratory mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) herd that had been negatively affected by highway traffic. To determine whether these underpasses were still reducing mule deer mortalities >40 years after construction, we investigated deer use of the underpasses from 2006–2019 using cameras, global positioning system (GPS) collars, and roadkill records. We used occupancy models, approximations of GPS-collared mule deer movement paths, and roadkill locations to estimate the highway crossing patterns of deer. From camera data, there was higher use of the underpasses by deer during migration (spring [Mar–Jun], fall [Oct–Dec]) than in summer (Jul–Sep), when only resident deer were present. Higher underpass usage occurred in the spring compared to fall migrations. Eleven of 21 GPS-collared migrating mule deer crossed Route 395. We estimated 30% of the crossings (by 7 of the 11 deer) occurred south of the underpasses where deer could easily access the highway because of short (1-m high) and deteriorating highway fencing. Roadkill data confirmed that deer-vehicle collisions were occurring south of the underpasses and at the underpasses. This was likely due to deteriorating infrastructure at the underpasses that allows wildlife access to the highway. Overall, our study indicated that although underpasses can provide safe passage for migratory deer decades (>40 yr) after their construction, deteriorating infrastructure such as fencing and gates can lead to wildlife mortalities on highways near underpasses. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.

中文翻译:

美国加利福尼亚的骡鹿迁徙和高速公路地下通道的使用

道路可能对一些有蹄类动物等长途迁徙者构成障碍。高速公路地下通道可以减轻野生动物与车辆的碰撞,并且可以成为保护迁徙走廊的重要管理工具。在加利福尼亚州北部,1970 年代在美国 395 号公路 (Route 395) 的哈利路亚枢纽野生动物区 (HJWA) 上修建了 3 条地下通道,供迁徙的骡鹿 ( Odocoileus hemionus) 使用。) 受到高速公路交通负面影响的牛群。为了确定这些地下通道在建造 40 年后是否仍能减少骡鹿的死亡率,我们使用相机、全球定位系统 (GPS) 项圈和道路死亡记录调查了 2006 年至 2019 年间鹿对地下通道的使用情况。我们使用占用模型、带 GPS 项圈的骡鹿运动路径的近似值和道路杀手位置来估计鹿的高速公路穿越模式。从相机数据来看,鹿在迁徙期间(春季 [3-6 月]、秋季 [10-12 月])使用地下通道的频率高于夏季(7-9 月),此时只有常驻鹿存在。与秋季迁移相比,春季的地下通道使用率更高。21 只戴 GPS 项圈的迁徙骡鹿中有 11 只穿过 395 号公路。我们估计 30% 的过境点(11 只鹿中的 7 只)发生在地下通道以南,由于高速公路围栏较短(1 米高)且不断恶化,鹿可以轻松进入高速公路。Roadkill 数据证实,鹿车相撞发生在地下通道以南和地下通道处。这可能是由于允许野生动物进入高速公路的地下通道基础设施不断恶化。总体而言,我们的研究表明,尽管地下通道在建成后的几十年(> 40 年)可以为迁徙鹿提供安全通道,但不断恶化的基础设施(如围栏和大门)会导致地下通道附近高速公路上的野生动物死亡。© 2021 野生动物协会。Roadkill 数据证实,鹿车相撞发生在地下通道以南和地下通道处。这可能是由于允许野生动物进入高速公路的地下通道基础设施不断恶化。总体而言,我们的研究表明,尽管地下通道在建成后的几十年(> 40 年)可以为迁徙鹿提供安全通道,但不断恶化的基础设施(如围栏和大门)会导致地下通道附近高速公路上的野生动物死亡。© 2021 野生动物协会。Roadkill 数据证实,鹿车相撞发生在地下通道以南和地下通道处。这可能是由于允许野生动物进入高速公路的地下通道基础设施不断恶化。总体而言,我们的研究表明,尽管地下通道在建成后的几十年(> 40 年)可以为迁徙鹿提供安全通道,但不断恶化的基础设施(如围栏和大门)会导致地下通道附近高速公路上的野生动物死亡。© 2021 野生动物协会。40 年)后,围栏和大门等基础设施不断恶化,可能导致地下通道附近高速公路上的野生动物死亡。© 2021 野生动物协会。40 年)后,围栏和大门等基础设施不断恶化,可能导致地下通道附近高速公路上的野生动物死亡。© 2021 野生动物协会。
更新日期:2021-06-23
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