This article considers the role of non-binding legal instruments adopted in Italy against the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the early months of 2020. To verify whether the use of such instruments restricted fundamental and human rights beyond constitutional and legal limits, the article first gives an overview of hard law measures adopted in Italy against the coronavirus. It then focuses on soft law measures, the use of which became significant only in Phase II of Italy's response to COVID-19 and argues that non-binding legal instruments provided the public with instructions on gradually returning to normal life. This contribution contains case studies on the soft law measures adopted in relation to private economic enterprise and freedom of worship. Italian soft law deployed during the COVID-19 epidemic was borne out of coordination between the state and the Regions and as the result of (even informal) dialogue with the relevant stakeholders. Despite some criticism of the soft law measures used, their role in restricting constitutionally granted rights was marginal, because only hard law measures adopted nationally and locally limited personal rights and freedoms in order to contain the pandemic.

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COVID-19 软法措施在意大利的作用：无事生非？

本文考虑了 2020 年初意大利针对 SARS-CoV-2 病毒通过的非约束性法律文书的作用。为了验证此类文书的使用是否限制了基本权利和人权，超出了宪法和法律的限制，文章首先概述了意大利针对冠状病毒采取的硬性法律措施。然后，它侧重于软法律措施，这些措施的使用仅在意大利对 COVID-19 的第二阶段反应中变得重要，并认为不具约束力的法律文书为公众提供了逐步恢复正常生活的指示。这篇文章包含有关在私营经济企业和宗教自由方面采取的软法措施的案例研究。在 COVID-19 流行期间部署的意大利软法是在国家和地区之间的协调以及与相关利益攸关方（甚至是非正式的）对话的结果下得出的。尽管对所使用的软法律措施提出了一些批评，但它们在限制宪法赋予的权利方面的作用微乎其微，因为只有在国家和地方范围内采取的硬法律措施才能限制个人权利和自由，以遏制这一流行病。