This article explores Indonesia’s readiness to upgrade its human capital in response to changes in population and economic structure in order to harness the technological advances of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The symptoms of premature deindustrialisation can be clearly observed in Indonesia, suggesting that it needs to improve its productivity to adapt to digital disruption and structural economic change. Supplyside advancement will require infrastructure and human resource development. On the production side, Indonesia will need to revitalise its manufacturing, service and resource-based sectors, treating them as value chains to be integrated into global networks. Indonesia’s education policy framework to upgrade human resources and improve the country’s competitiveness focuses on five areas: access to education; quality of education; synergies between government, industry and higher education; industry linkages; and incentives. Meanwhile, the disruption caused by the Covid-19 pandemic is forcing the Indonesian education system to instantly revolutionise its teaching methods to adapt to pandemic and post-pandemic conditions.

本文探讨了印度尼西亚为应对人口和经济结构的变化而准备升级其人力资本的意愿，以便利用第四次工业革命的技术进步。在印度尼西亚，可以清楚地看到过早去工业化的症状，这表明它需要提高生产率以适应数字化破坏和结构性经济变化。供应方面的进步将需要基础设施和人力资源开发。在生产方面，印度尼西亚将需要振兴其制造，服务和资源型部门，将其视为价值链，以整合到全球网络中。印度尼西亚提高人力资源和提高国家竞争力的教育政策框架着重于五个领域：获得教育的机会；教育质量；政府，行业和高等教育之间的协同作用；行业联系；和激励措施。同时，Covid-19大流行所造成的破坏正迫使印度尼西亚的教育系统立即改变其教学方法，以适应大流行和大流行后的状况。