Police rely on citizens to report crime and victimization. Yet for many people low levels of trust in police and concerns about unjust police treatment impact their willingness to engage proactively with police. For some, defying police authority is common. This can be particularly so for ethnic, racial, and religious minority groups. The personal and vicarious experiences these groups have with police play an important role in the legal socialization process, shaping how they perceive and behave toward police. As a religious minority group Muslims have experienced intense scrutiny from police. As such, the current study examines how and why Muslims defy police authority. Using survey data from 398 Australian Muslims, this study tests whether Muslims’ concerns about procedural justice and bounded-authority violations (i.e., the belief that police overstep the boundaries of acceptable authority) have differential effects on two types of defiance: resistance and disengagement. Findings show that Muslims’ concerns about procedural justice are most important for understanding resistance, while disengagement is dominated by concerns about perceived boundary violations. Further, procedural justice moderates the association between bounded-authority concerns and resistance, but not disengagement. The implications of these findings for the legal socialization process, theory, and police practice are discussed.

中文翻译：

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审查、法律社会化和蔑视：了解程序正义和有限权威问题如何塑造穆斯林对警察的蔑视

警察依靠公民报告犯罪和受害情况。然而，对于许多人来说，对警察的信任度低以及对警察不公正待遇的担忧会影响他们主动与警察接触的意愿。对一些人来说，违抗警察权威是很常见的。对于族裔、种族和宗教少数群体而言尤其如此。这些群体与警察的个人和替代经历在法律社会化过程中发挥着重要作用，塑造了他们对警察的看法和行为方式。作为宗教少数群体，穆斯林经历了警方的严密审查。因此，当前的研究调查了穆斯林如何以及为何藐视警察的权威。本研究使用来自 398 名澳大利亚穆斯林的调查数据，测试穆斯林对程序正义和违反有限权威的担忧（即，认为警察超越了可接受的权威界限的信念）对两种类型的反抗有不同的影响：抵抗和脱离接触。调查结果表明，穆斯林对程序正义的担忧对于理解抵抗最重要，而脱离接触主要是对感知到的边界侵犯的担忧。此外，程序正义缓和了有限权威关注与抵抗之间的关联，但不能调节脱离接触。讨论了这些发现对法律社会化过程、理论和警察实践的影响。而脱离接触主要是对感知到的边界侵犯的担忧。此外，程序正义缓和了有限权威关注与抵抗之间的关联，但不能调节脱离接触。讨论了这些发现对法律社会化过程、理论和警察实践的影响。而脱离接触主要是对感知到的边界侵犯的担忧。此外，程序正义缓和了有限权威关注与抵抗之间的关联，但不能调节脱离接触。讨论了这些发现对法律社会化过程、理论和警察实践的影响。