Neurogenesis is a powerful mechanism for structural and functional remodeling that occurs in restricted areas of the adult brain. Although different neurotransmitters regulate various aspects of the progression from neural stem cell quiescence to neuronal maturation, GABA is the main player. The developmental switch from excitation to inhibition combined with a heterogeneous population of GABAergic interneurons that target different subcellular compartments provides multiple points for the regulation of development and function of new neurons. This complexity is enhanced by feedback and feedforward networks that act as sensors and controllers of circuit activity, impinging directly or indirectly onto developing granule cells and, subsequently, on mature neurons. Newly generated granule cells ultimately connect with input and output partners in a manner that is largely sculpted by the activity of local circuits.

神经发生是发生在成人大脑受限区域的结构和功能重塑的强大机制。虽然不同的神经递质调节从神经干细胞静止到神经元成熟的各个方面，但 GABA 是主要参与者。从激发到抑制的发育转变与针对不同亚细胞区室的异质 GABA 能中间神经元群相结合，为调节新神经元的发育和功能提供了多个点。反馈和前馈网络增强了这种复杂性，这些网络充当电路活动的传感器和控制器，直接或间接影响发育中的颗粒细胞，随后影响成熟的神经元。