ABSTRACT

The National Institute of Historical and Artistic Heritage in Brazil holds 88 urban complexes under its protection. Among them, Pelotas, located in southern Brazil, stands out as a protected area; there are numerous historic buildings in the city center. Aiming to preserve historic buildings and considering facades as the elements most exposed to degradation mechanisms, this study proposed the application of qualitative and quantitative indicators—damage map, measurement method of degradation, and element index performance—to assess the degradation state of historically important facades. The research methodology included a survey of the studied objects, followed by application and adaptation of the degradation measurement methods. Stains of mold, fungus, and black crust were found to be the most recurrent pathological manifestations. The appearance of damage was not correlated with solar orientation in any of the methods. Only 8.7% of the facades presented high performance levels, indicating good conservation states.

摘要

巴西国家历史和艺术遗产研究所拥有 88 个城市综合体在其保护之下。其中，位于巴西南部的佩洛塔斯作为保护区脱颖而出；市中心有许多历史建筑。本研究旨在保护历史建筑，并将外墙视为最容易受到退化机制影响的元素，提出应用定性和定量指标——损伤图、退化测量方法和元素指标性能——来评估具有历史意义的外墙的退化状态. 研究方法包括对研究对象的调查，然后是退化测量方法的应用和适应。发现霉菌、真菌和黑色结痂的污渍是最常见的病理表现。在任何方法中，损伤的出现都与太阳方向无关。只有 8.7% 的立面表现出较高的性能水平，表明保护状态良好。