Shame is an unconscious, somewhat unattended and neglected emotion and occurs when individual and socio-cultural norms are violated. It often impacts negatively on the self and others across cultures. During the Covid-19 crises, shame has become an important emotion with a powerful effect, depending on how it is experienced within the socio-cultural context. This article explores shame in international perspectives in the context of Covid-19 and addresses the question how shame is transformed from an existential positive psychology (PP2.0) perspective. The study uses a qualitative research paradigm and explores shame and its transformation during Covid-19. Purposeful and snowball sampling was used. The sample consisted of 24 individuals (16 female, 8 male), of 13 different nationalities. Data were collected from written interviews and analyzed through thematic analysis. Ethical considerations were followed; ethical approval was given by a university. Findings show that participants become very worried, anxious, scared, sad and shocked when they or individuals in their close relationships contracted Covid-19. Shame plays an important role during the Covid-19 pandemic. However, the meaning and experience of shame during Covid-19 is strongly dependent on the socio-cultural background of the individual who is experiencing the disease. Individuals use different strategies and mechanisms to deal with and transform shame in the context of Covid-19. Findings are presented, conclusions are drawn and recommendations for future research and practice are given.

中文翻译：

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改变 Covid-19 期间的羞耻感：一项国际研究


羞耻是一种无意识的、某种程度上无人关注和被忽视的情绪，当个人和社会文化规范受到侵犯时就会发生。它经常对跨文化的自我和他人产生负面影响。在 Covid-19 危机期间，羞耻已成为一种具有强大影响的重要情绪，具体取决于它在社会文化背景下的体验方式。本文探讨了 Covid-19 背景下国际视角下的羞耻感，并解决了从存在主义积极心理学 (PP2.0) 角度如何转变羞耻感的问题。该研究采用定性研究范式，探讨 Covid-19 期间的羞耻感及其转变。使用了有目的的滚雪球抽样。样本由来自 13 个不同国籍的 24 人组成（16 名女性，8 名男性）。数据是通过书面访谈收集的，并通过主题分析进行分析。遵循道德考虑；得到了大学的伦理批准。调查结果显示，当参与者或他们的亲密关系中的个人感染了 Covid-19 时，参与者会变得非常担心、焦虑、害怕、悲伤和震惊。在 Covid-19 大流行期间，羞耻感发挥着重要作用。然而，Covid-19 期间羞耻的含义和经历在很大程度上取决于患病者的社会文化背景。在 Covid-19 的背景下，个人使用不同的策略和机制来处理和改变羞耻感。提出调查结果，得出结论，并为未来的研究和实践提出建议。