Testing is an effective learning method and it is the basis of mobile quiz apps. Quiz apps have the potential to facilitate remote and self-regulated learning. In this context, automatized feedback plays a crucial role. In two experimental studies, we examined the effects of two feedback types of quiz apps on performance, namely the standard corrective feedback of quiz apps and a feedback that incorporates additional information related to the correct response option. We realized a controlled lab setting (n = 68, Study 1) and an unsupervised mobile setting (n = 150, Study 2). In the learning phase, participants used the quiz app and received feedback. They also completed a subsequent test as well as a follow-up test one week later by using the same quiz app. Irrespective of feedback type and setting, cognitive outcomes (quiz scores) and metacognitive outcomes (response certainty) increased similarly in the short term and long term. Feedback effects were not moderated by participants’ overall response certainty during learning, their prior knowledge, and the difficulty of quiz items. Moreover, we found that participants perceived the quiz app similarly attractive, interesting, and enjoyable in both feedback conditions, and that they spent slightly more time to process quiz items in the lab setting. We discuss these results in detail, including the role of moderating and mediating factors and prospects for further research and practice. Overall, our results underline that quiz apps are useful and effective tools that can support the acquisition and retention of semantic knowledge in different learning settings.

中文翻译：

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不同反馈类型对使用移动测验应用程序学习的影响

测试是一种有效的学习方法，它是移动测验应用程序的基础。测验应用程序具有促进远程和自我调节学习的潜力。在这种情况下，自动化反馈起着至关重要的作用。在两项实验研究中，我们检查了测验应用程序的两种反馈类型对性能的影响，即测验应用程序的标准校正反馈和结合了与正确响应选项相关的其他信息的反馈。我们实现了受控的实验室设置（n = 68，研究1）和无监督的移动设置（n = 150，研究2）。在学习阶段，参与者使用测验应用程序并收到反馈。他们还通过使用相同的测验应用程序完成了后续测试以及一周后的后续测试。不管反馈类型和设置如何，短期和长期，认知结局（测验分数）和元认知结局（响应确定性）均有相似的增长。参与者在学习过程中的总体反应确定性，他们的先验知识以及测验项目的难度并没有减轻反馈的影响。此外，我们发现参与者在两种反馈条件下都对测验应用感到同样有吸引力，有趣和令人愉悦，并且他们在实验室环境中花费了更多的时间来处理测验项目。我们将详细讨论这些结果，包括调节和调节因素的作用以及进一步研究和实践的前景。总体而言，我们的结果表明，测验应用程序是有用且有效的工具，可以支持在不同的学习环境中获取和保留语义知识。