Biochar application to the soil can improve soil quality and nutrient leaching loss from swine manure adapted soils. Our working hypothesis was that the biochar-incubated with manure could be a better soil amendment than conventional manure application. The manure-biochar application to the soil would decrease nutrient leaching from manure and increase plant-available nutrients. The study objectives were to (1) assess the physicochemical properties of the manure-biochar mixture after lab incubation and (2) evaluate the impact of biochar-treated swine manure on soil total C, N, and other major and minor nutrients in comparison to conventional manure application to soil. Three biochars (i) neutral pH red-oak (RO), (ii) highly alkaline autothermal corn (Zea mays) stover (HAP), and (iii) mild acidic Fe-treated autothermal corn stover (HAPE) were incubated with swine manure for a month. The biochar-manure mixture was applied in triplicate to soil columns with an application rate determined by the P2O5-P content in manure or manure-biochar mixtures after the incubation. The ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), and reactive P concentrations in soil column leachates were recorded for eight leaching events. Soil properties and plant-available nutrients were compared between treatments and control manure & soil. Manure-(HAP&HAPE) biochar treatments significantly increased soil organic matter (OM), and all biochar-manure mixture increased (numerically) soil total C, N, and improved soil bulk density. Concentrations of NH4+ and NO3- significantly increased in MHAPE column leachates during this 4-week study and the KCl-extractable NH4+ and NO3- in the soil at the end of the experiment. A significant reduction in soil Mehlich3 Cu was also observed for the manure-HAPE mixture compared with the manure control. The manure-red oak biochar significantly increased the soil Mn availability than other manure-biochar treatments or manure control. Overall, the manure-biochar incubation enabled biochar to stabilize the C and several nutrients from manure. The subsequent manure-biochar mixture application to soil improved soil quality and plant nutrient availability compared to conventional manure application. This proof-of-the-concept study suggests that biochars could be used to solve both environmental and agronomic challenges and further improve the sustainability of animal and crop production agriculture.

中文翻译：

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生物炭-猪粪肥对中西部软体动物控释实验对土壤养分和碳的影响

将生物炭施用到土壤中可以改善土壤质量和适应猪粪的土壤中养分的淋失。我们的工作假设是，与常规粪肥施用相比，将生物炭与粪肥一起孵化可能是一种更好的土壤改良剂。将肥料-生物碳施用到土壤中会减少肥料中养分的淋失，并增加植物可利用的养分。研究目的是（1）在实验室培养后评估粪便-生物炭混合物的理化特性，以及（2）评估经生物炭处理的猪粪对土壤总C，N以及其他主要和次要养分的影响，与常规施肥于土壤。三种生物炭（i）中性pH红橡木（RO），（ii）高碱性自热玉米（Zea mays）秸秆（HAP），（iii）将弱酸性铁处理过的自热玉米秸秆（HAPE）与猪粪一起孵育一个月。将生物炭-粪便混合物一式三份地施加到土壤柱上，其施用率由温育后粪便或粪便-生物炭混合物中的P2O5-P含量确定。记录了八次浸出事件中土壤柱渗滤液中的铵态氮（NH4 +），硝酸盐（NO3-）和反应性P浓度。比较处理与对照肥料和土壤之间的土壤特性和植物可利用的养分。粪肥（HAP＆HAPE）生物炭处理显着增加了土壤有机质（OM），并且所有生物炭-粪肥混合物均（以数字形式）增加了土壤总C，N，并提高了土壤容重。在为期4周的研究过程中，MHAPE色谱柱渗滤液中的NH4 +和NO3-浓度显着增加，在实验结束时土壤中可通过KCl萃取的NH4 +和NO3-浓度显着增加。与肥料对照相比，肥料-HAPE混合物的土壤Mehlich3 Cu含量也显着降低。与其他肥料生物炭处理或肥料控制相比，肥料红橡木生物炭显着增加了土壤锰的利用率。总体而言，粪便-生物炭的孵化使生物炭能够稳定粪便中的碳和几种养分。与常规肥料施用相比，随后将肥料-生物炭混合物施用到土壤可改善土壤质量和植物养分利用率。