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Nitrogen use in spring wheat affected by crop diversification, management, and tillage
Agronomy Journal ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-15 , DOI: 10.1002/agj2.20686
Brett L. Allen 1 , Andrew W. Lenssen 2 , Upendra M. Sainju 1 , Jalal D. Jabro 1 , William B. Stevens 1
Affiliation  

Dryland wheat production potential in the northern Great Plains (NGP) often is limited by N availability affected by various management practices. A 4-yr study was conducted in northeast Montana to relate spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity and N utilization to management system (conventional and ecological), tillage (till and no-till), and four crop rotations (continuous spring wheat, spring wheat–pea [Pisum sativum L.], spring wheat–hay barley [Hordeum vulgare L.]–pea, and spring wheat–hay barley–corn [Zea mays L.]–pea). Ecological management included greater seeding rates, delayed planting dates, banded N fertilizer, and increased stubble height compared with conventional management with standard seeding rates and planting dates, short stubble height, and broadcast N fertilizer. Continuous spring wheat showed the lowest grain yield, with the least efficient utilization of N compared with 2-, 3-, and 4-yr rotations. Mineral nitrogen use efficiency was 37% lower for continuous wheat than for other rotations. Increasing the complexity of crop rotation had little impact on wheat production or N relationships. The delayed planting date associated with ecological management of spring wheat contributed to 33% less efficient use of N compared with an early planting date with conventional management. Overall, results indicated that crop rotation and management system often affected N relationships with wheat production, whereas the effects of tillage differed with year. Differences in yield and N use of spring wheat varied among years, underscoring the need to refine management systems given the highly variable precipitation patterns typical of the NGP.

中文翻译:

受作物多样​​化、管理和耕作影响的春小麦氮素利用

北部大平原 (NGP) 的旱地小麦生产潜力通常受到各种管理实践影响的氮供应量的限制。在蒙大拿州东北部进行了一项为期 4 年的研究,将春小麦 ( Triticum aestivum L.) 生产力和氮利用与管理系统(常规和生态)、耕作(耕作和免耕)和四种作物轮作(连续春小麦)联系起来、春小麦-豌豆 [ Pisum sativum L.]、春小麦-干草大麦 [ Hordeum vulgare L.]-豌豆和春小麦-干草大麦-玉米 [ Zea maysL.]-豌豆)。与标准播种量和播种日期、短茬高和施氮肥的常规管理相比,生态管理包括更高的播种量、延迟播种日期、带状施氮肥和增加茬高。与 2 年、3 年和 4 年轮作相比,连续春小麦的籽粒产量最低,氮的利用率最低。连续小麦的矿物氮利用效率比其他轮作低 37%。增加作物轮作的复杂性对小麦产量或氮素关系几乎没有影响。与采用传统管理的早播日期相比,与春小麦生态管理相关的晚播日期导致氮的利用效率降低 33%。全面的,结果表明,作物轮作和管理系统经常影响氮与小麦产量的关系,而耕作的影响因年份而异。春小麦产量和施氮量的差异因年份而异,鉴于 NGP 典型的高度可变的降水模式,强调需要完善管理系统。
更新日期:2021-04-15
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