ABSTRACT: The laminarialean kelp Saccharina latissima is a common macroalga along rocky shorelines that is also frequently used in aquaculture. This study examined how ocean acidification may alter the growth of S. latissima as well as grazing on S. latissima by the gastropod Lacuna vincta. Under elevated nutrients, S. latissima experienced significantly enhanced growth at pCO₂ levels ≥1200 µatm compared to ambient pCO₂ (~400 µatm). Elevated pCO₂ (≥830 µatm) also significantly reduced herbivory of L. vincta grazing on S. latissima relative to ambient pCO₂. There was no difference in grazing of S. latissima previously grown under elevated or ambient pCO₂, suggesting lowered herbivory was due to harm to the gastropods rather than alteration of the biochemical composition of the kelp. Decreased herbivory was specifically elicited when L. vincta were exposed to elevated pCO₂ in the absence of food for ≥18 h prior to grazing, with reduced grazing persisting 72 h. Elevated growth of S. latissima and reduced grazing by L. vincta at 1200 µatm pCO₂ combined to increase net growth rates of S. latissima more than 4-fold relative to ambient pCO₂. L. vincta consumed 70% of daily production by S. latissima under ambient pCO₂ but only 38 and 9% at 800 and 1200 µatm, respectively. Collectively, decreased grazing by L. vincta coupled with enhanced growth of S. latissima under elevated pCO₂ demonstrates that increased CO₂ associated with climate change and/or coastal processes will dually benefit commercially and ecologically important kelps by both promoting growth and reducing grazing pressure.

中文翻译：

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海洋酸化对海带海带Saccharina latissima的双重好处：增加生长并减少草食

摘要：海带海藻糖荚菌（Saccharina latissima）是沿岩石海岸线常见的大型藻类，也经常在水产养殖中使用。本研究海洋酸化可能如何改变的生长S. latissima以及放牧对S. latissima由腹腔隙vincta。在升高的营养素，S. latissima经历显著在增强的生长p CO ₂水平≥1200μatm相比环境p CO ₂（〜400μatm）。升高的p CO ₂（≥830µatm）也显着减少了牧羊草放牧的草食性。葡萄球菌相对于环境的p CO ₂。以前在较高或环境中的p CO ₂下生长的拉丁美沙门氏菌的放牧没有差异，表明草食动物的降低是由于对腹足动物的伤害而不是海带的生物化学组成的改变。下降时取食被特别引出L. vincta暴露于升高的p CO ₂在没有食物的放牧之前为≥18小时，用减少的放牧持续72小时。升高的生长S. latissima和减少放牧L. vincta在1200μatm p CO ₂两者相结合，使拉美链球菌的净增长率相对于周围的p CO ₂增长了4倍以上。在环境p CO ₂下，V。lincta消耗了S. latissima的日产量的70％，但在800和1200 µatm时分别消耗了38％和9％。总的来说，在较高的p CO ₂浓度下，文氏乳杆菌的放牧量减少，加上S. latissima的生长增强，这表明CO ₂含量增加 与气候变化和/或沿海过程相关的海藻将通过促进生长和降低放牧压力而对商业和生态上重要的海带产生双重好处。