ABSTRACT

The ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) are identified to be multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pan drug-resistant (PDR); thereby, imposing severe challenges in the treatment of associated infections. ESKAPE pathogens colonize on various biotic and abiotic surfaces; biofilms formed by these pathogens are a potential source for food contamination. Moreover, biofilms play a pivotal role in the development of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) strains. Hence, the frequent isolation of antimicrobial-resistant ESKAPE pathogens from food products across the globe imposes a threat to public health. A comprehensive understanding of the adhesion signaling involved in the polymicrobial and single-species biofilm will assist in developing alternative preservation techniques and novel therapeutic strategies to combat ESKAPE pathogens. The review provides a comprehensive overview of the signaling mechanisms that prevail in the ESKAPE pathogens for adhesion to abiotic and biotic surfaces and molecular mechanisms associated with poly-microbial biofilm-assisted AMR in ESKAPE.

摘要

ESKAPE 病原体（肠球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和肠杆菌）被鉴定为多重耐药（MDR）、广泛耐药（XDR）和泛耐药（ PDR）；因此，对相关感染的治疗提出了严峻的挑战。ESKAPE 病原体定植于各种生物和非生物表面；这些病原体形成的生物膜是食品污染的潜在来源。此外，生物膜在抗菌素耐药（AMR）菌株的发展中发挥着关键作用。因此，全球范围内频繁从食品中分离出具有抗药性的 ESKAPE 病原体，这对公众健康构成了威胁。对多微生物和单物种生物膜中涉及的粘附信号的全面了解将有助于开发替代的保存技术和新的治疗策略来对抗 ESKAPE 病原体。该综述全面概述了 ESKAPE 病原体中普遍存在的粘附非生物和生物表面的信号传导机制，以及与 ESKAPE 中多微生物生物膜辅助的 AMR 相关的分子机制。