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Petrographically quantifying the damage to field and lab-cast mortars subject to freeze-thaw cycles and deicer application
Journal of Infrastructure Preservation and Resilience Pub Date : 2021-04-14 , DOI: 10.1186/s43065-021-00024-3
Chunyu Qiao , Nima Hosseinzadeh , Prannoy Suraneni , Sihang Wei , David Rothstein

Although calcium oxychloride (Ca-Oxy) is known to damage cementitious materials exposed to calcium chloride (CaCl2) deicers, there is little direct observation of Ca-Oxy in the field due to its instability. This paper uses optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX) to detect the formed Ca-Oxy and quantify its associated damage in a field mortar subject to freeze-thaw cycles and deicer application. The characterized damage in the field mortar is compared to that in lab-cast portland cement paste and mortar which are submerged in a CaCl2 solution of 25 wt.% under freeze-thaw cycles (− 8 to 25 °C). The field and lab-cast mortars show similar cracking patterns that are parallel to the exposure surface with a variation of 30–45° in the preferred orientation due to the constraints of sand particles. During each lab-controlled freeze-thaw cycle, the high CaCl2 concentration of 25 wt.% stabilizes the formed Ca-Oxy, which continually damages the mortar and eventually results in 3–4 times higher crack density compared to that in the field mortar. SEM-EDX analysis confirms the presence of secondary deposits including Friedel’s salt, ettringite and Ca-Oxy. Image analysis on thin section photomicrographs shows a reduction of 86.4% in calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) content in the damaged field mortar compared to the undamaged field mortar, suggesting significant leaching of Ca(OH)2 to form Ca-Oxy due to the deicer application.

中文翻译:

用岩相学方法量化遭受冻融循环和除冰剂作用的田间砂浆和实验室浇铸砂浆的损害

尽管已知氯氧化钙(Ca-Oxy)会破坏暴露于氯化钙(CaCl2)除冰剂的胶结材料,但由于Ca-Oxy的不稳定性,因此在现场几乎没有直接观察到。本文使用光学显微镜(OM)和扫描电子显微镜结合能量色散X射线光谱法(SEM-EDX)来检测形成的Ca-Oxy并量化其在经受冻融循环和除冰剂作用的野外砂浆中的相关伤害。将实地砂浆的特征性损伤与实验室浇注的硅酸盐水泥浆和砂浆的特征相比较,后者在冻融循环(− 8至25°C)下浸入25 wt%的CaCl2溶液中。现场砂浆和实验室浇注的砂浆显示出类似的开裂模式,这些开裂模式与暴露表面平行,由于受到沙粒的限制,在首选方向上变化了30-45°。在每个实验室控制的冻融循环中,高浓度的25%(重量)的CaCl2可使形成的Ca-Oxy稳定,这会不断损坏砂浆,最终导致裂缝密度是现场砂浆的3-4倍。SEM-EDX分析证实了二次沉积物的存在,包括弗里德尔盐,钙矾石和Ca-Oxy。薄截面显微照片的图像分析显示,与未损坏的田间砂浆相比,受损的田间砂浆中氢氧化钙(Ca(OH)2)含量降低了86.4%,这表明由于Ca(OH)2的大量浸出而形成了Ca-Oxy到除冰器的应用程序。在每个实验室控制的冻融循环中,高浓度的25%(重量)的CaCl2可使形成的Ca-Oxy稳定,这会不断损坏砂浆,最终导致裂缝密度是现场砂浆的3-4倍。SEM-EDX分析证实了二次沉积物的存在,包括弗里德尔盐,钙矾石和Ca-Oxy。薄截面显微照片的图像分析显示,与未损坏的田间砂浆相比,受损的田间砂浆中氢氧化钙(Ca(OH)2)含量降低了86.4%,这表明由于Ca(OH)2的大量浸出而形成了Ca-Oxy到除冰器的应用程序。在每个实验室控制的冻融循环中,高浓度的25%(重量)的CaCl2可使形成的Ca-Oxy稳定,这会不断损坏砂浆,最终导致裂缝密度是现场砂浆的3-4倍。SEM-EDX分析证实了二次沉积物的存在,包括弗里德尔盐,钙矾石和Ca-Oxy。薄截面显微照片的图像分析显示,与未损坏的田间砂浆相比,受损的田间砂浆中氢氧化钙(Ca(OH)2)含量降低了86.4%,这表明由于Ca(OH)2的大量浸出而形成了Ca-Oxy到除冰器的应用程序。这会不断损坏砂浆,最终导致裂缝密度是现场砂浆的3-4倍。SEM-EDX分析证实了二次沉积物的存在,包括弗里德尔盐,钙矾石和Ca-Oxy。薄截面显微照片的图像分析显示,与未损坏的田间砂浆相比,受损的田间砂浆中氢氧化钙(Ca(OH)2)含量降低了86.4%,这表明由于Ca(OH)2的大量浸出而形成了Ca-Oxy到除冰器的应用程序。这会不断损坏砂浆,最终导致裂缝密度是现场砂浆的3-4倍。SEM-EDX分析证实了二次沉积物的存在,包括弗里德尔盐,钙矾石和Ca-Oxy。薄截面显微照片的图像分析显示,与未损坏的田间砂浆相比,受损的田间砂浆中氢氧化钙(Ca(OH)2)含量降低了86.4%,这表明由于Ca(OH)2的大量浸出而形成了Ca-Oxy到除冰器的应用程序。
更新日期:2021-04-15
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