“Sanghuang” refers to a group of important traditionally-used medicinal mushrooms belonging to the genus Sanghuangporus. In practice, species of Sanghuangporus referred to in medicinal studies and industry are now differentiated mainly by a BLAST search of GenBank with the ITS barcoding region as a query. However, inappropriately labeled ITS sequences of “Sanghuang” in GenBank restrict accurate species identification and, to some extent, the utilization of these species as medicinal resources. We examined all available 271 ITS sequences related to “Sanghuang” in GenBank including 31 newly submitted sequences from this study. Of these sequences, more than half were mislabeled so we have now corrected the corresponding species names. The mislabeled sequences mainly came from strains utilized by non-taxonomists. Based on the analyses of ITS sequences submitted by taxonomists as well as morphological characters, we separate the newly described Sanghuangporus subbaumii from S. baumii and treat S. toxicodendri as a later synonym of S. quercicola. Fourteen species of Sanghuangporus are accepted, with intraspecific distances up to 1.30% (except in S. vaninii, S. weirianus and S. zonatus) and interspecific distances above 1.30% (except between S. alpinus and S. lonicerinus, and S. baumii and S. subbaumii). To stabilize the concept of these 14 species of Sanghuangporus, their taxonomic information and reliable ITS reference sequences are provided. Moreover, ten potential diagnostic sequences are provided for Hyperbranched Rolling Circle Amplification to rapidly confirm three common commercial species, viz. S. baumii, S. sanghuang, and S. vaninii. Our results provide a practical method for ITS barcoding-based species identification of Sanghuangporus and will promote medicinal studies and commercial development from taxonomically correct material.

中文翻译：

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通过ITS条码编码和参考序列的指定解决桑黄孢（Basidiomycota）中传统药用蘑菇的普遍错误识别。

“桑黄”是指一组属于桑黄孢属的重要传统药用蘑菇。在实践中，现在主要通过以ITS条形码区域为查询的GenBank的BLAST搜索来区分医学研究和工业中提及的桑黄孢子菌种。但是，GenBank中标注不正确的“桑黄” ITS序列限制了准确的物种识别，并在一定程度上限制了这些物种作为药用资源的利用。我们检查了GenBank中与“桑黄”相关的所有271个ITS序列，包括该研究中新提交的31个序列。在这些序列中，一半以上被错误标记，因此我们现在更正了相应的物种名称。标记错误的序列主要来自非分类学家利用的菌株。根据分类学家提交的ITS序列分析以及形态特征，我们将新描述的桑黄孢子虫与鲍氏链球菌分离，并将毒链球菌作为quercicola的后代。接受了14种桑黄孢子，种内距离最高为1.30％（除南美白对虾，魏氏链霉菌和带状沙门氏菌外），种间距离最高为1.30％（S。alpinus和S.lonicerinus以及宝米沙门氏菌之间的距离除外）。和S. subbaumii）。为了稳定这14种桑黄孢子虫的概念，提供了它们的分类学信息和可靠的ITS参考序列。此外，为超支化滚环扩增提供了十个潜在的诊断序列，以快速确认三种常见的商业物种，即。S. baumii，S。sanghuang和S. vaninii。