Fireballs are infrequently recorded by seismic sensors on the ground. If recorded, they are usually reported as one-off events. This study is the first seismic bulk analysis of the largest single fireball data set, observed by the Desert Fireball Network (DFN) in Australia in the period 2014–2019. The DFN typically observes fireballs from cm-m scale impactors. We identified 25 fireballs in seismic time series data recorded by the Australian National Seismograph Network (ANSN). This corresponds to 1.8% of surveyed fireballs, at the kinetic energy range of $10^6$ – $10^{10}$ J. The peaks observed in the seismic time series data were consistent with calculated arrival times of the direct airwave or ground-coupled Rayleigh wave caused by shock waves by the fireball in the atmosphere (either due to fragmentation or the passage of the Mach cone). Our work suggests that identification of fireball events in the seismic time series data depends on both physical properties of a fireball (such as fireball energy and entry angle in the atmosphere) and the sensitivity of a seismic instrument. This work suggests that fireballs are likely detectable within 200 km direct air distance between a fireball and seismic station, for sensors used in the ANSN. If each DFN observatory had been accompanied by a seismic sensor of similar sensitivity, 50% of surveyed fireballs could have been detected. These statistics justify the future consideration of expanding the DFN camera network into the seismic domain.

中文翻译：

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火球的统计分析：地震特征调查

地面上的地震传感器很少记录火球。如果被记录，它们通常被报告为一次性事件。这项研究是澳大利亚沙漠火球网络 (DFN) 在 2014-2019 年期间观测到的最大单一火球数据集的第一次地震整体分析。DFN 通常观察来自厘米-米规模撞击器的火球。我们在澳大利亚国家地震仪网络 (ANSN) 记录的地震时间序列数据中确定了 25 个火球。这相当于 1.8% 的被调查火球，在动能范围内 $10^6$ – $10^{10}$ J. 在地震时间序列数据中观察到的峰值与大气中火球的冲击波（由于破碎或马赫锥的通过）引起的直接空中波或地面耦合瑞利波的计算到达时间一致. 我们的工作表明，地震时间序列数据中火球事件的识别取决于火球的物理特性（例如火球能量和大气中的进入角）和地震仪器的灵敏度。这项工作表明，对于 ANSN 中使用的传感器，火球很可能在火球和地震台之间 200 公里的直接空中距离内被检测到。如果每个 DFN 天文台都配备一个具有相似灵敏度的地震传感器，那么 50% 的被调查火球可以被探测到。