ABSTRACT

Solar heating techniques were tested to enhance the dissipation of eight herbicides belonging to four different chemical families (phenylurea, triazine, dinitroaniline and diphenylether derivatives). Guano, vermicompost, green manure, and goat manure were used as biofumigants for biosolarization. In all experiments, the soil was covered with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) film along 60 d after treatment and the results were compared with control plots. A significant increase in the soil temperature from 2 to 6 °C was detected in solarized soils as compared to control plots being probably the direct hydrothermal effect the most important factor on herbicide degradation. The behaviour of herbicides in mulched soils presents a faster phase of disappearance (15 d) followed by a slower phase (15–60 d). The mean half-lives ranged from 98 d in control plots to 17 d in the solarized soil amended with goat excrements manure being isoproturon and trifluralin the more and the less persistent herbicides, respectively. In all cases, significant differences (p < 0.05) in the persistence were observed between control soil and solarized soils for all herbicides. Therefore, the use of solar heating techniques, especially biosolarization can be considered as an environmentally friendly tool to enhance herbicide disappearance from the soil.

Abbreviations: Aclonifen (AF); Biosolarized soil (BS); Chlorotoluron (CL); Control soil (CS); Goat manure (GTM); Green manure (GRM); Guano (GAN); Half-life time (t_½); High-density polyethylene (HDPE); Isoproturon (IR); Metribuzin (MZ); Organic amendment (OA); Organic matter (OM); Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Oxyfluorfen (OF); Pendimethalin (PL); Relative humidity (RH); Single first-order (SFO); Solarized soil (SS); Terbuthylazine (TZ); Trifluralin (TL); Vermicompost (VRC).

摘要

测试了太阳能加热技术以增强属于四种不同化学家族（苯脲、三嗪、二硝基苯胺和二苯醚衍生物）的八种除草剂的消散。鸟粪、蚯蚓粪、绿肥和山羊粪被用作生物熏蒸剂进行生物日晒。在所有试验中，土壤在处理后 60 d 用高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）薄膜覆盖，并将结果与​​对照地块进行比较。与对照地块相比，在日晒土壤中检测到土壤温度从 2°C 显着升高至 6°C，这可能是直接水热效应对除草剂降解的最重要因素。除草剂在覆盖土壤中的表现呈现出较快的消失阶段（15 天），然后是较慢的阶段（15-60 天）。平均半衰期从对照地块的 98 天到用山羊粪便修正的日晒土壤中的 17 天不等，异丙隆和氟乐灵分别是持久性更强和持久性更低的除草剂。在所有情况下，显着差异（p < 0.05）在所有除草剂的对照土壤和日晒土壤之间观察到持久性。因此，使用太阳能加热技术，特别是生物太阳能可以被认为是一种环境友好的工具，可以增强除草剂从土壤中的消失。

缩写：Aclonifen (AF)；生物晒化土壤（BS）；氯氟隆 (CL); 控制土壤（CS）；山羊粪（GTM）；绿肥（GRM）；鸟粪（GAN）；半衰期（t _½）；高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）；异丙隆 (IR); 美曲津（MZ）；有机修正（OA）；有机物（OM）；经济合作与发展组织（经合组织）；氧氟草醚（OF）；二甲戊灵（PL）；相对湿度（RH）；单一阶（SFO）；日晒土壤（SS）；特丁嗪（TZ）；氟乐灵 (TL); 蚯蚓粪（VRC）。