Globally, mobile phones and computers (laptops and desktops) are indispensable part of human lives for communication, entertainment, and educational purposes. However, there are concerns about the increasing risk of bacterial contamination and antibiotic resistant trends from the surfaces of these devices. This study aims to assess bacterial contamination of mobile phones and computer keyboards and their resistant profile at the University of Ghana, Korle-Bu Campus, Accra. This was a cross-sectional study conducted from March to June 2017 with 240 swabs collected from the surfaces of mobile phones and computer keyboards used by healthcare students. Swabs were cultured on MacConkey, blood, and mannitol salt agar. Bacteria identification was performed with a standard bacteriological method. A total of 91 bacterial isolates were obtained from the devices, and they were tested against 9 commonly used antibiotics by the Kirby–Bauer disc method. The study revealed mobile phones and computer keyboards had contamination levels of 83.3% and 43.3%. Bacteria isolated included Staphylococcus epidermidis (25.4%), Klebsiella spp. (12.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.2%), Escherichia coli (6.7%), Pseudomonas spp. (5.4%), Enterobacter cloacae (2.1%), and Enterobacter spp. (1.7%). Overall, 91 bacterial isolates were highly resistant to ampicillin (96.7%) and tetracycline (75.8%) and moderately resistant to chloramphenicol (49.5%) with lower resistance to cefotaxime (18.7%), ceftadizime (14.2%), ciprofloxacin (25.3%), and gentamycin (24.7%). Additionally, 45.1% of isolates were multidrug resistant. Findings from this study revealed mobile phones and computer keyboards of healthcare students in the university were contaminated with pathogenic bacteria. Hence, frequent hand hygiene and disinfection of mobile phones and computer keyboard surfaces is encouraged to minimize the spread of resistant bacteria pathogens.

中文翻译：

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加纳卫生保健大学生手机和电脑键盘上的多重耐药细菌

在全球范围内，手机和电脑（笔记本电脑和台式电脑）是人类生活中不可或缺的一部分，用于通信、娱乐和教育目的。然而，人们担心这些设备表面的细菌污染风险和抗生素耐药性趋势正在增加。本研究旨在评估加纳大学阿克拉 Korle-Bu 校区的手机和计算机键盘的细菌污染及其耐药性。这是一项从 2017 年 3 月到 2017 年 6 月进行的横断面研究，从医疗保健学生使用的手机和计算机键盘的表面收集了 240 个拭子。拭子在 MacConkey、血液和甘露醇盐琼脂上培养。细菌鉴定采用标准细菌学方法进行。从这些设备中总共获得了 91 株细菌分离物，并通过 Kirby-Bauer 圆盘法对它们进行了 9 种常用抗生素的测试。研究显示，手机和电脑键盘的污染程度分别为 83.3% 和 43.3%。包括分离出的细菌表皮葡萄球菌(25.4%)、克雷伯菌属。(12.9%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(9.2%)、大肠杆菌(6.7%)、假单胞菌属。(5.4%)、阴沟肠杆菌 (2.1%) 和肠杆菌属 (1.7%)。总体而言，91 株细菌分离株对氨苄西林 (96.7%) 和四环素 (75.8%) 高度耐药，对氯霉素 (49.5%) 中度耐药，对头孢噻肟 (18.7%)、头孢地嗪 (14.2%)、环丙沙星 (25.3%) 的耐药性较低和庆大霉素 (24.7%)。此外，45.1% 的分离株具有多重耐药性。这项研究的结果显示，该大学医护人员的手机和电脑键盘被致病菌污染。因此，鼓励经常保持手部卫生以及对手机和计算机键盘表面进行消毒，以尽量减少耐药细菌病原体的传播。