This article analyzes the impact of (un)happiness on the international migration decision. It uses a rich longitudinal household-level database, the Polish Social Diagnosis, to identify migration intentions, as well as subsequent actual migration, allowing us to overcome the issue of reverse causality present in previous studies of the nexus between happiness and migration. In addition, we assess the role of individual and household levels of happiness on migration behaviors and find that unhappy individuals from unhappy households are significantly more likely to declare their intentions to migrate abroad. In terms of actual migration, however, the unhappiness push significantly affects the odds of international migration only for selected subgroups, such as women and employed individuals. For other individuals, the unhappiness-induced migration plans remain mostly unrealized. Our article shows that push and pull factors, including happiness, might exert heterogenous effects on migration intentions and actual realizations. As a consequence, migration scholars should be careful when drawing conclusions on the determinants of actual migration behaviors by looking at determinants of migration intentions.

本文分析了（不）幸福对国际移民决定的影响。它使用丰富的纵向家庭级数据库波兰社会诊断来确定移民意图以及随后的实际移民，从而使我们能够克服先前关于幸福与移民之间关系的研究中存在的反向因果关系问题。此外，我们评估了个人幸福感和家庭幸福感对移徙行为的作用，发现来自不幸福家庭的不幸福个体更有可能宣布其打算出国移民。但是，就实际移徙而言，不满情绪的推动仅对某些选定的子群体，例如妇女和受雇的个人，影响国际移徙的几率。对于其他人，不幸导致的移民计划仍未实现。我们的文章表明，推动和拉动因素（包括幸福）可能对迁移意图和实际实现产生不同的影响。因此，移民学者在观察实际移民行为的决定因素时，应谨慎对待移民意图的决定因素。