The aim of the present study was to investigate the long-term effect of using bee venom (BV) on the reproductive performance, immune, and health status of rabbit does and its effect on their litters. Sixty mature does, from Spanish V-line rabbit stock, were randomly assigned to four homogeneous groups with 15 does each. The 1^st, 2^nd and 3^rd groups were injected twice weekly under the neck skin with 0.1 ml solution contains 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg BV/rabbit respectively. The 4^th group served as a control group. From the results, litter size at birth, litter weight and survival rate at weaning age as well as milk yield were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased in BV groups than in the control group. Serum estradiol 17-β (E2) was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher (15%) in the rabbit does treated with BV compared to the control group. The treated does with BV at any study doses showed a gradual and significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease (12%) in serum progesterone levels (P4) compared to the control. They also showed a significant (p≤0.05) increase in conception (17%) and fertility rates (10%) compared to the control does. Treatment of rabbit does with BV caused a gradual and significant (p ≤ 0.05) reduction in both aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (16%) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (37%) liver enzyme activities. Additionally, results have shown that BV resulted in a gradual and significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC), antioxidative enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), serum IgG, IgM and IgA levels with significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in BV groups compared to the control group. Results suggest that BV can be used in rabbit farming as an effective and safe alternative to artificial chemical drugs (sexual-stimulants) to improve certain reproductive traits, immune response and health.

中文翻译：

---

使用蜜蜂毒液改善兔子的生殖、免疫和健康状况

本研究的目的是调查使用蜂毒 (BV) 对兔子的生殖性能、免疫和健康状况的长期影响及其对窝的影响。来自西班牙 V 系兔的 60 只成熟兔被随机分配到四个同质组，每组 15 只。第1^组、第2^组和第3组每周两次在颈部皮肤下注射0.1ml溶液，分别含有0.1、0.2和0.3mg BV/兔^。第4^组作为对照组。结果显示，出生时产仔数、产仔数、断奶日成活率以及产奶量均显着（p ≤ 0.05) BV 组比对照组增加。与对照组相比，用 BV 治疗的兔子的血清雌二醇 17-β (E2) 显着升高 ( p  ≤ 0.05) (15%)。与对照组相比，任何研究剂量的 BV 治疗组均显示血清孕酮水平 (P4) 逐渐显着 ( p  ≤ 0.05) 下降 (12%)。与对照组相比，他们还显示受孕（17%）和生育率（10%）显着增加（p≤0.05）。用 BV 治疗兔确实引起了渐进性和显着性 ( p ≤ 0.05) 降低天冬氨酸氨基转移酶 (AST) (16%) 和丙氨酸氨基转移酶 (ALT) (37%) 的肝酶活性。此外，结果表明，BV 导致总抗氧化能力 (TAC)、谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶 (GST) 和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 ( GPx  ) 等抗氧化酶、血清 IgG、IgM 和与对照组相比，BV 组中丙二醛 (MDA) 和硫代巴比妥酸反应物质 (TBARS) 的IgA 水平显着降低 ( p  ≤ 0.05)。结果表明，BV 可用于兔子养殖，作为人工化学药物（性兴奋剂）的有效和安全替代品，以改善某些生殖特征、免疫反应和健康。