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The Indexical Voice: Communication of Personal States and Traits in Humans and Other Primates
Frontiers In Psychology ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-24 , DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.651108
John L. Locke

Many studies of primate vocalization have been undertaken to improve our understanding of the evolution of language. Perhaps, for this reason, investigators have focused on calls that were thought to carry symbolic information about the environment. Here I suggest that even if these calls were in fact symbolic, there were independent reasons to question this approach in the first place. I begin by asking what kind of communication system would satisfy a species’ biological needs. For example, where animals benefit from living in large groups, I ask how members would need to communicate to keep their groups from fragmenting. In this context, I discuss the role of social grooming and "close calls," including lip-smacking and grunting. Parallels exist in human societies, where information is exchanged about all kinds of things, often less about the nominal topic than the communicants themselves. This sort of indexical (or personal) information is vital to group living, which presupposes the ability to tolerate, relate to, and interact constructively with other individuals. Making indexical communication the focus of comparative research encourages consideration of somatic and behavioral cues that facilitate relationships and social benefits, including cooperation and collaboration. There is ample room here for a different and potentially more fruitful approach to communication in humans and other primates, one that focuses on personal appraisals, based on cues originating with individuals, rather than signals excited by environmental events.

中文翻译:

索引性声音:人与人及其他灵长类动物的人格状态和特质的交流

进行了许多关于灵长类动物发声的研究,以增进我们对语言进化的理解。也许由于这个原因,研究人员将注意力集中在那些被认为携带有关环境的象征性信息的电话上。在这里,我建议即使这些呼吁实际上是象征性的,也有独立的理由首先质疑这种方法。首先,我问一种什么样的通讯系统可以满足一个物种的生物学需求。例如,在动物从成群的生活中受益的地方,我问成员如何进行沟通以防止其群体分裂。在这种情况下,我讨论了社交修饰和“亲密接触”(包括including嘴和咕unt声)的作用。在人类社会中存在着平行的事物,在这些社会中,人们交换有关各种事物的信息,通常,关于名义话题的话题要少于与会人员本身的话题。这类索引(或个人)信息对于集体生活至关重要,因为集体生活以能​​够容忍其他人,与之建立关系并与之进行建设性互动为前提。将索引交流作为比较研究的重点,可以鼓励考虑有助于联系和社会利益(包括合作与协作)的躯体和行为线索。这里有足够的空间来为人类和其他灵长类动物提供一种不同且可能更富有成效的交流方式,这种方式侧重于基于来自个人的线索的个人评估,而不是环境事件所激发的信号。它以容忍其他人,与之建立关系并与之进行建设性互动为前提。将索引交流作为比较研究的重点,可以鼓励考虑有助于联系和社会利益(包括合作与协作)的躯体和行为线索。这里有足够的空间来为人类和其他灵长类动物提供一种不同且可能更富有成效的交流方式,这种方式侧重于基于来自个人的线索的个人评估,而不是环境事件所激发的信号。它以容忍其他人,与之建立关系并与之进行建设性互动为前提。将索引交流作为比较研究的重点,可以鼓励考虑有助于促进关系和社会利益(包括合作与协作)的躯体和行为线索。这里有足够的空间来为人类和其他灵长类动物提供一种不同且可能更富有成效的交流方式,这种方式侧重于基于来自个人的线索的个人评估,而不是环境事件所激发的信号。包括合作与协作。这里有足够的空间来为人类和其他灵长类动物提供一种不同且可能更富有成效的交流方式,这种方式侧重于基于来自个人的线索的个人评估,而不是环境事件所激发的信号。包括合作与协作。这里有足够的空间来为人类和其他灵长类动物提供一种不同且可能更富有成效的交流方式,这种方式侧重于基于来自个人的线索的个人评估,而不是环境事件所激发的信号。
更新日期:2021-04-15
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