Anthropogenic impacts have been reported as one of the main causes of eutrophication in freshwater systems and nutrient availability, mainly from discharges, are key to cyanobacteria development and harmful cyanobacteria blooms (cyanoHABs) upsurge. As these scenarios are common in the Azores, a cyanobacteria monitoring program was implemented in the lakes of the archipelago, which comprises cyanobacteria identification and cyanotoxin (only microcystin) analysis in over 15 lakes. However other cyanotoxins should be searched as is the case of cylindrospermopsin (CYN). This cyanotoxin has been reported more recently in a wider range of countries, because of global warming. Using ESI–LC–MS/MS (electrospray ionization–liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry), the presence of CYN was investigated in samples from four eutrophic lakes. Cylindrospermopsin was detected in one sample from Lake São Brás, which represents a threat to environmental and public health. This is the first CYN identification in the Azores reinforcing the necessity for lake monitoring. We propose the use of a polyphasic approach to fully understand CYN presence in the Azorean lakes, investigating the producing taxa, the environmental factors that promote cyanobacteria growth, and CYN toxicity effects.

据报道，人为影响是淡水系统富营养化的主要原因之一，主要来自排放物的养分可利用量是蓝细菌发展和有害蓝细菌水华（cyanoHABs）高涨的关键。由于这些情况在亚速尔群岛中很常见，因此在群岛的湖泊中实施了蓝细菌监测程序，该程序包括在超过15个湖泊中进行蓝细菌鉴定和蓝藻毒素（仅微囊藻毒素）分析。但是，应该搜索其他氰毒素，如圆柱精子胃蛋白酶（CYN）。由于全球变暖，最近在更广泛的国家中报道了这种氰毒素。使用ESI-LC-MS / MS（电喷雾电离-液相色谱-质谱法），对来自四个富营养化湖泊的样品中CYN的存在进行了研究。在来自圣布拉斯湖的一个样本中检测到了Cylindrospermopsin，这对环境和公共健康构成了威胁。这是亚速尔群岛的首次CYN识别，加强了湖泊监测的必要性。我们建议使用多相方法来充分了解亚速尔群岛湖泊中CYN的存在，调查生产类群，促进蓝藻生长的环境因素以及CYN毒性作用。