In recent years, the ubiquitous detection and accumulation of microplastics (MPs) in the aquatic environment have raised significant concerns on water security and long-term ecological impacts all around the world. Nevertheless, critical reviews on strategic control and effective remediation of MPs in the aqueous phase are still lacking. In this work, we summarise the origins and types of MPs, and then introduce the methodologies for extraction, identification and quantification. More importantly, we for the first time provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the emerging MPs removal and transformation technologies. Except for biodegradation, this review presents new applications of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for MPs degradation and utilisation, including photocatalysis, photoreforming and Fenton-like reactions. Physical or catalytic thermal treatment can transform plastics into value-added nanocarbons or hydrocarbons. These transformation technologies demonstrate great potentials in dealing with MPs. The review will guide researchers to further explore the feasible approaches and develop new strategies for advanced control and remediation of MPs in the future.

近年来，在水生环境中无处不在的检测和积累微塑料（MPs）引起了全世界对水安全和长期生态影响的重大关注。然而，仍然缺乏对水相中MP的战略控制和有效修复的严格审查。在这项工作中，我们总结了MP的起源和类型，然后介绍了提取，鉴定和定量的方法。更重要的是，我们第一次全面概述了新兴的MP移除和转换技术的最新进展。除了生物降解，本综述介绍了用于MP降解和利用的高级氧化工艺（AOP）的新应用，包括光催化，光重整和类Fenton反应。物理或催化热处理可以将塑料转变为增值的纳米碳或碳氢化合物。这些转换技术展示了与国会议员打交道的巨大潜力。该综述将指导研究人员进一步探索可行的方法，并为将来的MP的高级控制和修复制定新的策略。