Truck automation is emerging as an innovative technology with benefits in traffic safety and the economy to revolutionize freight traffic. Despite these benefits, the potential negative or positive effects of different driving automation levels (from no automation to full automation) on highway geometry remained to be determined. In this study, differences related to sight distance characteristics among varied automation levels were firstly discussed and calibrated. Then, seven analysis scenarios of typical levels were proposed. Based on each level with tailored characteristics, the current models of geometric design elements including the required stopping sight distance, horizontal sight line offset, and lengths of vertical curves were revised. Finally, impacts of each level on computed values of those elements were evaluated. Results show that high or full driving automation could substantially lower the requirements of geometric design. Active safety systems have a similar role but with less significant effects. Differently, the driver assistance and partial or conditional automation systems put a higher demand on the road geometric design in terms of driving safety. Outcomes of this study can be used to design real-world geometry of dedicated lanes and provide a methodological basis for the operation of different driving automation features.

中文翻译：

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卡车视角下不同驾驶自动化水平对公路几何设计的影响

卡车自动化正在作为一种创新技术而出现，它在交通安全和经济方面带来了好处，从而革新了货运业务。尽管有这些好处，但仍需要确定不同驾驶自动化级别（从无自动化到全自动化）对高速公路几何形状的潜在负面影响或正面影响。在这项研究中，首先讨论并校准了与不同自动化水平之间的视距特性有关的差异。然后，提出了七个典型水平的分析场景。根据具有定制特征的每个级别，修改了当前的几何设计元素模型，包括所需的视线停止距离，水平视线偏移和垂直曲线的长度。最后，评估了每个级别对这些元素的计算值的影响。结果表明，高度或完全的驾驶自动化可以大大降低几何设计的要求。主动安全系统具有类似的作用，但影响较小。不同的是，驾驶员辅助系统和部分或有条件的自动化系统在行驶安全性方面对道路几何设计提出了更高的要求。这项研究的结果可用于设计专用车道的实际几何形状，并为不同的驾驶自动化功能的操作提供方法学基础。