Forest biomass harvesting guidelines help ensure the ecological sustainability of forest residue harvesting for bioenergy and bioproducts, and hence contribute to social license for a growing bioeconomy. Guidelines, typically voluntary, provide a means to achieve outcomes often required by legislation, and must address needs related to local or regional context, jurisdictional compatibility with regulations, issues of temporal and spatial scale, and incorporation of appropriate scientific information. Given this complexity, comprehensive reviews of existing guidelines can aid in development of new guidelines or revision of existing ones. We reviewed 32 guidelines covering 43 jurisdictions in the USA, Canada, Europe and East Asia to expand upon information evaluated and recommendations provided in previous guideline reviews, and compiled a searchable spreadsheet of direct quotations from documents as a foundation for our review. Guidelines were considered in the context of sustainable forest management (SFM), focusing on guideline scope and objectives, environmental sustainability concerns (soils, site productivity, biodiversity, water and carbon) and social concerns (visual aesthetics, recreation, and preservation of cultural, historical and archaeological sites). We discuss the role of guidelines within the context of other governance mechanisms such as SFM policies, trade regulations and non-state market-driven (NSMD) standards, including certification systems. The review provides a comprehensive resource for those developing guidelines, or defining sustainability standards for market access or compliance with public regulations, and/or concerned about the sustainability of forest biomass harvesting. We recommend that those developing or updating guidelines consider (i) the importance of well-defined and understood terminology, consistent where possible with guidelines in other jurisdictions or regions; (ii) guidance based on locally relevant research, and periodically updated to incorporate current knowledge and operational experience; (iii) use of indicators of sensitive soils, sites, and stands which are relevant to ecological processes and can be applied operationally; and (iv) incorporation of climate impacts, long-term soil carbon storage, and general carbon balance considerations when defining sustainable forest biomass availability. Successful implementation of guidelines depends both on the relevance of the information and on the process used to develop and communicate it; hence, appropriate stakeholders should be involved early in guideline development.

中文翻译：

---

可持续森林生物量：当前残留物收集指南的回顾

森林生物量采伐准则有助于确保为生物能源和生物产品采伐森林残余物的生态可持续性，从而为日益增长的生物经济贡献社会许可证。准则通常是自愿性的，提供了实现立法经常要求的结果的手段，并且必须解决与当地或地区情况，司法管辖权与法规的兼容性，时空尺度问题以及纳入适当的科学信息有关的需求。考虑到这种复杂性，对现有准则的全面审查可以帮助开发新准则或修订现有准则。我们审查了涵盖美国，加拿大，欧洲和东亚43个辖区的32条指南，以扩大以前的指南审查中评估的信息和提供的建议，并编制了可搜索的直接引用文档的电子表格，作为我们审核的基础。在可持续森林管理（SFM）的背景下考虑了准则，重点是准则范围和目标，环境可持续性关注点（土壤，场地生产力，生物多样性，水和碳）和社会关注点（视觉美学，​​娱乐和文化保护，历史和考古遗址）。我们将在其他治理机制（例如SFM政策，贸易法规和非国家市场驱动（NSMD）标准，包括认证系统）的背景下讨论准则的作用。该审查为制定指南，定义市场准入或遵守公共法规的可持续性标准提供了全面的资源，和/或关注森林生物量采伐的可持续性。我们建议那些正在制定或更新指南的人员考虑（i）定义明确且易于理解的术语的重要性，并尽可能与其他司法管辖区或地区的指南保持一致；（ii）基于本地相关研究的指南，并定期进行更新以吸收当前的知识和运营经验；（iii）使用与生态过程相关并可以在操作中应用的敏感土壤，场所和林分的指标；（iv）在定义可持续森林生物量的可获得性时，纳入气候影响，长期土壤碳储量和一般碳平衡的考虑因素。准则的成功执行既取决于信息的相关性，也取决于开发和传达信息的过程；因此，适当的利益相关者应尽早参与准则的制定。