Nutrition is essential for supplying an organism with sufficient energy to maintain its bodily functions. Apart from serving as an energy supply, the immunomodulatory effects of diet are emerging as a central aspect of human health. The latest evidence suggests that dietary restriction may play an important regulatory role by influencing the activation and effector functions of immune cells. However, depending on the context, nutrient restriction may have both pathogenic and beneficial effects. Here, we discuss the diverse roles of fasting programs, including ketogenesis in infection and chronic inflammation, aiming to clarify their detrimental and/or beneficial effects. Understanding these differences may help identify conditions under which dietary interventions might serve as putative effective approaches to treat various diseases.

营养对于为有机体提供足够的能量以维持其身体机能至关重要。除了作为能量供应外，饮食的免疫调节作用正在成为人类健康的重要方面。最新证据表明，饮食限制可能通过影响免疫细胞的激活和效应子功能发挥重要的调节作用。但是，取决于上下文，营养限制可能同时具有致病作用和有益作用。在这里，我们讨论禁食程序的各种作用，包括感染和慢性炎症中的生酮作用，旨在阐明其有害和/或有益作用。了解这些差异可能有助于确定饮食干预措施可以作为治疗各种疾病的有效方法的条件。