One of the most intriguing features of inhibitory synapses is the precision by which they innervate their target, not only at the cellular level but also at the subcellular level (i.e. axo-dendritic, axo-somatic, or axo-axonic innervation). In particular, in the cerebellum, cortex, and spinal cord, distinct and highly specialized GABAergic interneurons, such as basket cells, chandelier cells, and GABApre interneurons, form precise axo-axonic synapses, allowing them to directly regulate neuronal output and circuit function. In this article, we summarize our latest knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate the establishment and maintenance of axo-axonic synapses in these regions of the CNS. We also detail the key roles of the L1CAM family of cell adhesion molecules in such GABAergic subcellular target recognition.

抑制性突触最有趣的特征之一是它们神经支配其目标的精确度，不仅在细胞水平，而且在亚细胞水平（即轴-树突、轴-体细胞或轴-轴突神经支配）。特别是在小脑、皮层和脊髓中，独特且高度特化的 GABA 能中间神经元，如篮状细胞、枝形灯细胞和 GABA 前中间神经元，形成精确的轴突突触，使它们能够直接调节神经元输出和电路功能。在本文中，我们总结了我们对调节中枢神经系统这些区域中轴突突触的建立和维持的细胞和分子机制的最新知识。我们还详细介绍了 L1CAM 细胞粘附分子家族在这种 GABA 能亚细胞靶标识别中的关键作用。