Abstract. Urban soils are of increasing interest for their potential to provide ecosystem services such as carbon storage and nutrient cycling. Despite this, there is limited knowledge on how soil sealing with impervious surfaces, a common disturbance in urban environments, affects these important ecosystem services. In this paper, we investigate the effect of soil sealing on soil properties, soil carbon and soil nutrient stocks. We undertook a comparative survey of sealed and unsealed greenspace soils across the UK city of Manchester. Our results reveal that the context of urban soil and the anthropogenic artefacts added to soil have a great influence on soil properties and functions. In general, sealing reduced soil carbon and nutrient stocks compared to greenspace soil, however, where there were anthropogenic additions of organic and mineral artefacts this led to increases in soil carbon and nitrate content. Anthropogenic additions led to carbon stocks equivalent to or larger than those in greenspaces, potentially of a stable nature with long residence times. This suggests that in areas with an industrial past, anthropogenic additions can lead to a legacy carbon store in urban soil and make important contributions to urban soil carbon budgets. These findings shed light on the heterogeneity of urban sealed soil and the influence of anthropogenic artefacts on soil functions. Our research highlights the need to gain further understanding into urban soil processes, in both sealed and unsealed soils, and the influence and legacy of anthropogenic additions on soil functions and important ecosystem services.

中文翻译：

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封闭对城市土壤碳和养分的影响

摘要。城市土壤因其提供生态系统服务（如碳储存和养分循环）的潜力而受到越来越多的关注。尽管如此，关于不透水表面的土壤密封（城市环境中的常见干扰）如何影响这些重要的生态系统服务的知识仍然有限。在本文中，我们研究了土壤封闭对土壤性质，土壤碳和土壤养分储量的影响。我们对英国曼彻斯特市内封闭和未封闭的绿地土壤进行了比较调查。我们的结果表明，城市土壤的环境和添加到土壤中的人为人工制品对土壤的性质和功能有很大的影响。一般而言，与绿地土壤相比，封闭处理减少了土壤碳和养分储量，人为增加的有机和矿物人工产物导致土壤中碳和硝酸盐含量的增加。人为添加导致碳储量等于或大于绿地中的碳储量，可能具有稳定的性质并具有较长的停留时间。这表明，在具有工业历史的地区，人为添加会导致城市土壤中的传统碳储存，并为城市土壤碳预算做出重要贡献。这些发现揭示了城市密封土壤的异质性以及人为人工制品对土壤功能的影响。我们的研究强调需要进一步了解封闭和未封闭土壤中的城市土壤过程，以及人为添加物对土壤功能和重要生态系统服务的影响和影响。