Ceratobasidium lantanae-camarae was a name proposed for a fungus associated with white thread blight disease of Lantana camara (common lantana): a Brazilian native plant listed amongst the world’s ten worst weeds. This fungus was found during surveys in Brazil to assess the potential of coevolved fungal pathogens as classical biocontrol agents in the Paleotropics and Australasia. Later, in a monograph on Rhizoctonia forming-fungi, C. lantanae-camarae was synonymized with C. cornigerum: a polyphagous species recorded worldwide, but never previously from Latin America. The lack of pure cultures of C. lantanae-camarae did not allow a verification of the true status of the white thread blight fungus on lantana. Recently, the lantana disease was observed in localities in the Brazilian states of Rio de Janeiro and Amazonas. Pure cultures were obtained, DNA was extracted and phylogenetic analyses of the ITS-5.8S rDNA region were performed. Results showed that C. lantanae-camarae and C. cornigerum are phylogenetically distinct and that their synonymization was a taxonomic error. It was also found that, although C. lantanae-camarae is phylogenetically close to C. papillatum, morphological differences between these two species are evident. Thus, the name C. lantanae-camarae is re-established herein: an epitype and a reference ex-epitype sequence are indicated, resolving this taxonomic issue. Additionally, Koch’s postulates were fulfilled for the first time. The significance of this taxonomic elucidation for weed biocontrol is discussed.

Ceratobasidium lantanae-camarae是一种与马tana丹（Lantana camara）（常见的马tana丹）白线病相关的真菌的名字。巴西本地植物被列为世界十大最严重的杂草之一。在巴西进行的调查中发现了这种真菌，以评估共同进化的真菌病原体作为古生物和大洋洲传统生物防治剂的潜力。后来，在一本专着丝核菌形成真菌，C. lantanae-camarae是异名同C. cornigerum：全球记录一个多食性物种，但来自拉丁美洲以前从未。缺乏C. lantanae-camarae的纯种文化不允许验证马tana丹上白线叶枯病真菌的真实状况。最近，在巴西里约热内卢州和亚马孙州发现了马lan丹病。获得纯培养物，提取DNA并进行ITS-5.8S rDNA区域的系统发育分析。结果表明，C。lantanae-camarae和C. cornigerum在系统发育上是不同的，并且它们的同义词是一个分类学错误。还发现，尽管马鞭草Canatanae在系统发育上接近乳头C. papillatum，但是这两个物种之间的形态差异是明显的。因此，名称为C. lantanae-camarae本文重新建立“序列表”：指示了表型和参考前表型序列，从而解决了该分类学问题。此外，科赫的假设首次实现。讨论了这种分类学阐明对杂草生物防治的重要性。